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to be under private control

  • 1 отдать в распоряжение частного сектора дополнительные производственные мощности

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > отдать в распоряжение частного сектора дополнительные производственные мощности

  • 2 bajo

    adj.
    1 low.
    2 short, small.
    3 low, tawdry, base.
    4 low, contemptible, lowly, base.
    5 low-lying, low-down.
    6 hushed, soft, soft-sounding.
    adv.
    1 softly, in a low voice, low.
    Let's talk low because the baby's sleep Hablemos bajo porque el niño duerme.
    2 low, in a low position, near ground level, near the floor.
    prep.
    1 under, below, beneath, underneath.
    2 under.
    3 under, under the jurisdiction of.
    m.
    1 bass.
    2 bass, double bass, bass guitar.
    3 bass singer, bass voice, bass.
    4 hem, turn-up, hemline, turnup.
    5 low lying ground.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: bajar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) low
    pon la música, pero baja put the music on low
    2 (persona) short, not tall
    3 (cabeza) bowed, held low; (ojos) lowered, downcast
    4 (marea) out
    5 (despreciable) despicable, contemptible, base
    6 (territorio, río) lower
    7 (época) later
    8 (inferior) poor, low
    ————————
    1 (piso) ground floor, US first floor
    2 (de prenda) bottoms plural, US cuff
    3 MÚSICA (instrumento) bass; (contrabajo) double bass
    1 MÚSICA (músico) bass player; (cantante) bass
    2 (voz) softly, quietly, in a low voice
    1 under
    1 (planta baja) ground floor; (sótano) basement
    \
    por lo bajo (disimuladamente) on the sly 2 (en voz baja) in a low voice 3 (sin exagerar) conservatively
    bajas pasiones animal passions
    bajos fondos underworld sing
    * * *
    1. prep. 2. adv.
    1) low
    2) softly, quietly
    3. (f. - baja)
    adj.
    1) low
    4) soft
    5) base, vile
    4. noun m.
    1) bass
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=de poca altura) [objeto] low; [persona] short; [parte] lower, bottom; [tierra] low-lying; [agua] shallow

    planta baja — ground floor, first floor (EEUU)

    2) (=inclinado)
    3) (=reducido, inferior) [precios, temperaturas, frecuencia] low; [calidad] low, poor

    de baja calidad — low-quality, poor-quality

    estar bajo de algo, estar bajo de ánimo o de moral — to be in low spirits

    estar bajo de forma (física) — to be unfit, be out of shape

    4) [sonido] faint, soft; [voz, tono] low

    hablar en voz bajato speak quietly o in a low voice

    5) [etapa]
    6) [oro, plata] with a high level of impurities
    7) [color] (=apagado) dull; (=pálido) pale
    8) (=humilde) low, humble; [clase] lower; [condición] lowly; [barrio] poor; [tarea] menial
    9) pey (=vulgar) common, ordinary; (=mezquino) base, mean
    10)

    por lo bajo(=a lo menos) at (the) least

    2. SM
    1) (Cos) [de vestido] hem; [de pantalones] turn-up, cuff (EEUU)
    2) [de edificio] (=piso) ground floor, first floor (EEUU)

    bajo comercialground-floor o (EEUU) first-floor business premises

    3) (Mús) (=instrumento) bass; (=voz) bass; (=guitarrista) bass (guitar) player, bassist
    4) pl bajos [de edificio] ground floor sing, first floor sing (EEUU); [de coche] underside; euf [del cuerpo] private parts
    5) (=hondonada) hollow
    6) (Náut) = bajío 1)
    3.
    ADV [volar] low; [tocar, cantar] quietly, softly

    hablar bajo(=en voz baja) to speak quietly, speak softly; (=tener una voz suave) to be softly spoken, be soft spoken

    ¡más bajo, por favor! — quieter, please!

    4. PREP
    1) (=debajo de) under

    bajo cerobelow zero

    bajo la lluviain the rain

    bajo tierraunderground

    2) (=dependiente de, sometido a) under

    bajo el título de... — under the title of...

    fianza 1), juramento 1), llave 1)
    * * *
    I
    - ja adjetivo
    1) [ser] < persona> short
    2) (indicando posición, nivel)
    a) [ser] < techo> low; < tierras> low-lying
    b) [estar] <lámpara/cuadro/nivel> low
    c) ( bajado)
    3)
    a) <calificación/precio/número> low; < temperatura> low

    tiene la tensión or presión baja — he has low blood pressure

    b) <volumen/luz> low

    en voz baja — quietly, in a low voice

    4)
    5) ( grave) <tono/voz> deep, low
    6) ( vil) <acción/instinto> low, base

    caer bajo: qué bajo has caído! — how could you stoop so low!

    II
    a) <volar/pasar> low
    b) <hablar/cantar> softly, quietly
    III
    1)
    a) ( planta baja) first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor
    b)

    los bajos — (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

    2)
    a) (de falda, vestido) hem
    b) bajos masculino plural (Auto) underside
    3) ( contrabajo) (double) bass
    IV
    a) ( debajo de) under

    bajo techo — under cover, indoors

    bajo el cielo estrellado — (liter) beneath the starry sky (liter)

    b) (expresando sujeción, dependencia) under

    bajo el título... — under the title...

    * * *
    I
    - ja adjetivo
    1) [ser] < persona> short
    2) (indicando posición, nivel)
    a) [ser] < techo> low; < tierras> low-lying
    b) [estar] <lámpara/cuadro/nivel> low
    c) ( bajado)
    3)
    a) <calificación/precio/número> low; < temperatura> low

    tiene la tensión or presión baja — he has low blood pressure

    b) <volumen/luz> low

    en voz baja — quietly, in a low voice

    4)
    5) ( grave) <tono/voz> deep, low
    6) ( vil) <acción/instinto> low, base

    caer bajo: qué bajo has caído! — how could you stoop so low!

    II
    a) <volar/pasar> low
    b) <hablar/cantar> softly, quietly
    III
    1)
    a) ( planta baja) first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor
    b)

    los bajos — (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

    2)
    a) (de falda, vestido) hem
    b) bajos masculino plural (Auto) underside
    3) ( contrabajo) (double) bass
    IV
    a) ( debajo de) under

    bajo techo — under cover, indoors

    bajo el cielo estrellado — (liter) beneath the starry sky (liter)

    b) (expresando sujeción, dependencia) under

    bajo el título... — under the title...

    * * *
    bajo1
    1 = bass.

    Ex: Russian singer Vladimir Ognovenko is one of the most arresting basses on the opera scene today.

    bajo2

    Ex: The ground floor of the library contains a foyer with separate entrance to different departments.

    * bajo comercial = commercial premise.

    bajo3
    3 = low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], lowly [lowlier -comp., lowliest -sup.], sagging, low-lying.

    Ex: Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.

    Ex: Such a concept came as a great surprise to many information educators who rather dismissively regarded the information qua information field of activity as being too lowly in terms of salary potential.
    Ex: It was obvious that Balzac's enthusiasm for the grant lifted his spirits up from their normal sagging state.
    Ex: With the introduction of irrigation, low-lying areas are prone to waterlogging and soil salinization.
    * a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.
    * a bajo coste = low-cost.
    * a bajo costo = low-cost.
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a bajo precio = lower-cost, lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.
    * altibajos = ups and downs.
    * altos y bajos = highs and lows, peaks and valleys.
    * arma de bajo calibre = small arm.
    * baja Edad Media, la = late Middle Ages, the.
    * baja resolución = low resolution.
    * baja tecnología = low tech [low-tech].
    * baja temperatura = low temperature.
    * bajo cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * bajo consumo = low power consumption.
    * bajo coste = low cost.
    * bajo en ácido = low-acid.
    * bajo en calorías = low cal, low-calorie.
    * bajo en carbohidratos = low-carb(ohydrate).
    * bajo en grasas = low fat.
    * bajo en hidratos de carbono = low-carb(ohydrate).
    * bajo precio = low cost.
    * bajo presión = under the cosh.
    * bajos ingresos = low income.
    * bajo vientre = lower abdomen.
    * barrio bajo = skid row.
    * bebida baja en alcohol = low-alcohol drink.
    * cuando la marea está baja = at low tide.
    * cultura de la clase baja = low culture.
    * de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].
    * de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].
    * de baja ralea = ignoble.
    * de bajo consumo = low energy.
    * de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.
    * de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.
    * de bajo estatus social = low-status.
    * de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.
    * de bajo precio = low-priced.
    * de bajo riesgo = low-risk.
    * decir en voz baja = say under + Posesivo + breath, say in + a low voice, say in + a quiet voice.
    * de la gama baja = low-end.
    * de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * de tacón bajo = low-heeled.
    * dieta baja en carbohidratos = low-carb diet.
    * dieta baja en hidratos de carbono = low-carb diet.
    * el más bajo = rock-bottom.
    * el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.
    * en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.
    * en su punto más bajo = at its lowest ebb.
    * en un nivel bajo = at a low ebb.
    * en un punto bajo = at a low ebb.
    * estar muy bajo = be way down.
    * familia de bajos ingresos = low-income family.
    * fijar precios bajos = price + low.
    * frente de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure.
    * hablar en voz baja = whisper, speak + low.
    * marea baja = low tide.
    * más bien bajo = shortish.
    * monte bajo = undergrowth, understorey [understory, -USA], fynbos, shrubland, scrubland.
    * Países Bajos, los = Netherlands, the, Low Countries, the.
    * período bajo = dry spell.
    * período de baja actividad = dry spell.
    * persona de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * persona de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * planta baja = ground floor.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * que vuela bajo = low-flying.
    * sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.
    * temporada baja = low season.
    * tirando a bajo = shortish.
    * tirar a lo bajo = low-ball.

    bajo4

    Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.

    * acoger bajo la representación de Uno = bring under + Posesivo + umbrella.
    * acoger bajo la tutela de Uno = bring under + Posesivo + umbrella.
    * bajo agua = undersea, underwater.
    * bajo amenaza = under threat.
    * bajo arresto domiciliario = under house arrest.
    * bajo cero = below zero.
    * bajo ciertas circunstancias = under certain circumstances.
    * bajo ciertas condiciones = under certain conditions.
    * bajo coacción = under duress.
    * bajo el asesoramiento de = on the advice of.
    * bajo el brazo = under + Posesivo + arm.
    * bajo el cargo de = on charges of.
    * bajo el control de = under the control of.
    * bajo el emblema = under the banner.
    * bajo el manto de la noche = under the cover of darkness, under the cloak of darkness.
    * bajo el patrocinio de = under the aegis of.
    * bajo el sol = in the eye of the sun.
    * bajo el yugo de = under the yoke of.
    * bajo juramento = under oath, sworn.
    * bajo la apariencia de = in the guise of, under the guise of.
    * bajo la competencia de = under the jurisdiction of.
    * bajo la dirección de = under the supervision of.
    * bajo las garras de = under the grip of.
    * bajo la supervisión de = under the supervision of.
    * bajo la tutela = under the auspices of.
    * bajo la tutela de = under the aegis of.
    * bajo la tutela de Alguien = under + Posesivo + auspices.
    * bajo llave = under lock and key.
    * bajo los auspicios de = under the aegis of, under the auspices of.
    * bajo los auspicios de Alguien = under + Posesivo + auspices.
    * bajo los pies = underfoot.
    * bajo lupa = under the microscope.
    * bajo ninguna circunstancia = under no/any circumstances.
    * bajo ningún concepto = on no account, not on any account, under no/any circumstances.
    * bajo + Posesivo + custodia = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.
    * bajo presión = under pressure.
    * bajo reforma = under reform.
    * bajo sospecha = under suspicion.
    * bajo tierra = underground, below surface.
    * bajo un mismo techo = under one roof.
    * decretar libertad bajo fianza = remand.
    * guardar bajo llave = keep under + lock and key.
    * libertad bajo fianza = bail.
    * mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.
    * tener Algo bajo el control de Uno = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + command.
    * territorio bajo mandato = mandate.

    bajo5
    5 = lowdown, mean [meaner -comp., meanest -sup.].

    Ex: The board clearly didn't care if its commissioner was a lowdown, lying, corrupt and untrustworthy creep, likely because that is the nature of the entire organization.

    Ex: Whereas in most European countries during this period welfare provision continued to develop, in Australia it languished at a level which, with the exception of Japan, was the meanest of the developed countries.

    * * *
    bajo1 -ja
    A [ SER] ‹persona› short
    ese chico bajito que trabaja en el bar that short o small guy who works in the bar
    B (indicando posición, nivel)
    1 [ SER] ‹techo› low; ‹tierras› low-lying
    un vestido de talle bajo a low-waisted dress
    2 [ ESTAR] ‹lámpara/cuadro› low
    las ramas más bajas del árbol the lowest branches of the tree
    la parte baja de la estantería the bottom shelf/lower shelves of the bookcase
    el nivel de aceite está bajo the oil level is low
    ¡qué bajo está el río! isn't the river low!
    la marea está baja it's low tide, the tide is out
    3
    (bajado): la casa tenía las persianas bajas the house had the blinds down
    caminaba con la mirada baja she walked (along) looking at the ground o with her eyes lowered
    C
    1 ‹calificación/precio/número› low; ‹temperatura› low
    bajo en nicotina y alquitrán low in nicotine and tar
    una bebida baja en calorías a low-calorie drink
    tiene la tensión or presión baja he has low blood pressure, his blood pressure is low
    liquidaban todo a precios bajísimos they were selling everything off really cheap(ly)
    artículos de baja calidad poor-quality goods
    por lo bajoor ( RPl) por parte baja at least
    les va a costar 10.000 tirando or echando por lo bajo ( fam); it's going to cost them at least 10,000, it's going to cost them 10,000 easily o at (the very) least
    2 ‹volumen/luz› low
    lo dijo en voz baja he said it quietly o in a low voice
    pon la radio bajita put the radio on quietly
    3 ‹oro› below 14 karats
    (falto de): están bajos de moral they're in low spirits, their morale is low
    está baja de defensas her defenses are low
    E (grave) ‹tono/voz› deep, low
    F (vil) ‹acción/instinto› low, base
    caer bajoor en lo bajo: ha caído en lo más bajo she stooped pretty low
    ¡qué bajo has caído! how could you stoop so low?, how low can you get!
    Compuestos:
    feminine humble origins (pl)
    la bajoa Edad Media the late Middle Ages (pl)
    estoy en bajoa forma I'm in bad shape, I'm not on form, I'm feeling below par
    la bajoa forma del equipo nacional the poor form of the national team
    feminine low frequency
    feminine ( Per) garbage ( AmE) o ( BrE) refuse collection and street cleaning service
    fpl animal passions (pl)
    fpl low pressure
    feminine low technology
    de bajoa tecnología low-technology ( before n), low-tech
    masculine Low Latin
    masculine bas-relief
    mpl underworld
    el bajo vientre the lower abdomen
    1 ‹volar/pasar› low
    2 ‹hablar/cantar› softly, quietly
    canta más bajo sing more softly
    ¡habla más bajo! keep your voice down!
    A
    1 (planta baja) first ( AmE) o ( BrE) ground floor; (local) commercial premises ( on the first ( AmE) o ( BrE) ground floor of a building)
    2 los bajos mpl ( RPl) the first ( AmE) o ( BrE) ground floor
    B
    1 (de una falda, un vestido) hem; (de un pantalón) cuff ( AmE), turn-up ( BrE)
    2 bajos mpl ( Auto) underbody
    C (contrabajo) bass, double bass
    D
    ( Chi fam) (fin): darle el bajo a algn to do away with sb ( colloq), to get rid of sb
    darle el bajo a algo to polish sth off ( colloq)
    1 (debajo de) under
    corrimos a ponernos bajo techo we ran to get under cover
    ponte bajo el paraguas get under o underneath the umbrella
    tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero
    cuando yo esté bajo tierra when I'm dead and buried
    bajo el cielo estrellado ( liter); beneath the starry sky ( liter)
    cantando bajo la lluvia singing in the rain
    2 (expresando sujeción, dependencia) under
    está bajo juramento you are under oath
    bajo Alfonso XIII under Alfonso XIII, during the reign of Alfonso XIII
    bajo su mando under his command
    bajo los efectos del alcohol under the influence of alcohol
    bajo ese punto de vista looking at it from that point of view
    bajo el título `España hoy' under the title `España hoy'
    fianza, garantía, llave2 (↑ llave (2)), etc
    * * *

     

    Del verbo bajar: ( conjugate bajar)

    bajo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    bajó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    bajar    
    bajo
    bajar ( conjugate bajar) verbo intransitivo
    1
    a) [ascensor/persona] ( alejándose) to go down;

    ( acercándose) to come down;
    bajo por las escaleras to go/come down the stairs;

    ya bajo I'll be right down
    b) ( apearse) bajo de algo ‹de tren/avión to get off sth;

    de coche› to get out of sth;
    de caballo/bicicleta to get off sth
    c) (Dep) [ equipo] to go down

    2

    b) [fiebre/tensión] to go down, drop;

    [ hinchazón] to go down;
    [ temperatura] to fall, drop
    c) [precio/valor] to fall, drop;

    [ calidad] to deteriorate;
    [ popularidad] to diminish;

    verbo transitivo
    1escalera/cuesta to go down
    2brazo/mano to put down, lower
    3
    a) bajo algo (de algo) ‹de armario/estante› to get sth down (from sth);

    del piso de arriba› ( traer) to bring sth down (from sth);
    ( llevar) to take sth down (to sth)
    b) bajo a algn de algo ‹de mesa/caballo to get sb off sth

    4
    a)persiana/telón to lower;

    ventanilla to open

    5 precio to lower;
    fiebre to bring down;
    volumen to turn down;
    voz to lower
    bajarse verbo pronominal
    1 ( apearse) bajose de algo ‹de tren/autobús to get off sth;
    de coche› to get out of sth;
    de caballo/bicicleta to get off sth;
    de pared/árbol to get down off sth
    2 pantalones to take down;
    falda to pull down
    bajo 1
    ◊ -ja adjetivo

    1 [ser] ‹ persona short
    2
    a) [ser] ‹ techo low;

    tierras low-lying
    b) [estar] ‹lámpara/cuadro/nivel low;


    están bajos de moral their morale is low;
    está bajo de defensas his defenses are low
    3
    a)calificación/precio/temperatura low;


    bajo en calorías low-calorie;
    de baja calidad poor-quality
    b)volumen/luz low;


    4 ( grave) ‹tono/voz deep, low
    5 ( vil) ‹acción/instinto low, base;

    bajo 2 adverbio
    a)volar/pasar low

    b)hablar/cantar softly, quietly;

    ¡habla más bajo! keep your voice down!

    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) ( planta baja) first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

    b)

    los bajos (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

    2 ( contrabajo) (double) bass
    ■ preposición
    under;

    tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero;
    bajo juramento under oath
    bajar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (descender) to come o go down: bajé corriendo la cuesta, I ran downhill ➣ Ver nota en ir 2 (llevar algo abajo) to bring o get o take down: baja los disfraces del trastero, bring the costumes down from the attic
    3 (un telón) to lower
    (una persiana) to let down
    (la cabeza) to bow o lower
    4 (reducir el volumen) to turn down
    (la voz) to lower
    5 (los precios, etc) to reduce, cut
    6 (ropa, dobladillo) tengo que bajar el vestido, I've got to let the hem down
    7 Mús tienes que bajar un tono, you've got to go down a tone
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 to go o come down: bajamos al bar, we went down to the bar
    2 (apearse de un tren, un autobús) to get off
    (de un coche) to get out [de, of]: tienes que bajarte en la siguiente parada, you've got to get off at the next stop
    3 (disminuir la temperatura, los precios) to fall, drop: ha bajado su cotización en la bolsa, its share prices have dropped in the stock exchange
    bajo,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 low
    2 (de poca estatura) short: es muy bajo para jugar al baloncesto, he's a bit too short to play basketball
    3 (poco intenso) faint, soft: en este local la música está baja, the music isn't very loud here
    4 (escaso) poor: su nivel es muy bajo, his level is very low
    este queso es bajo en calorías, this cheese is low in calories
    5 Mús low
    6 fig (mezquino, vil, ruin) base, despicable: tiene muy bajos instintos, he's absolutely contemptible
    bajos fondos, the underworld
    la clase baja, the lower class
    II adverbio low: habla bajo, por favor, please speak quietly
    por lo b., (a sus espaldas, disimuladamente) on the sly: con Pedro es muy amable, pero por lo bajo echa pestes de él, she's very nice to Pedro, but she's always slagging him off behind his back
    (como mínimo) at least: ese libro cuesta cinco mil pesetas tirando por lo bajo, that book costs at least five thousand pesetas
    III sustantivo masculino
    1 Mús (instrumento, cantante, instrumentista) bass
    2 (de un edificio) ground floor
    3 (de una prenda) hem
    IV mpl Mec underneath: las piedras del camino le rozaron los bajos del coche, we scratched the bottom of the car against the stones on the road
    V preposición
    1 (lugar) under, underneath
    bajo techo, under shelter
    bajo tierra, underground
    bajo la tormenta, in the storm
    2 Pol Hist under
    bajo la dictadura, under the dictatorship 3 bajo cero, (temperatura) below zero
    4 Jur under
    bajo fianza, on bail
    bajo juramento, under oath
    bajo multa de cien mil pesetas, subject to a fine of one hundred thousand pesetas
    bajo ningún concepto, under no circumstances
    firmó la declaración bajo presión, she signed the declaration under pressure
    La traducción más común del adjetivo es low. Sin embargo, recuerda que cuando quieres describir a una persona debes usar la palabra short: Es muy bajo para su edad. He's very short for his age.

    ' bajo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    auspicio
    - baja
    - caer
    - calificar
    - caloría
    - circunstancia
    - concepto
    - confiar
    - control
    - cuerda
    - dominación
    - fianza
    - fiebre
    - guardia
    - hundida
    - hundido
    - imperio
    - ínfima
    - ínfimo
    - insolación
    - juramento
    - libertad
    - llave
    - manía
    - ministerio
    - monte
    - murmurar
    - par
    - pretexto
    - próxima
    - próximo
    - rescoldo
    - ropa
    - sarro
    - so
    - tapón
    - techo
    - tierra
    - tono
    - vigilancia
    - a
    - abrasar
    - anestesia
    - arresto
    - ático
    - bajar
    - bajío
    - chato
    - chico
    - coacción
    English:
    account
    - aloud
    - auspice
    - bail
    - bass
    - bass guitar
    - below
    - beneath
    - body
    - bottom
    - clampdown
    - complaint
    - conceal
    - condition
    - content
    - control
    - cover
    - cuff
    - custody
    - depressed
    - distraught
    - down
    - drunk driving
    - DUI
    - escrow
    - feel
    - floodlight
    - foresight
    - freezing
    - ground
    - gun
    - hand
    - honour
    - hurtle
    - in
    - keep down
    - lock away
    - low
    - low-alcohol
    - low-budget
    - low-calorie
    - low-cost
    - lower
    - Lower Egypt
    - lowest
    - microscope
    - minus
    - oath
    - observation
    - off
    * * *
    bajo, -a
    adj
    1. [objeto, cifra] low;
    [persona, estatura] short;
    es más bajo que su amigo he's shorter than his friend;
    el pantano está muy bajo the water (level) in the reservoir is very low;
    tengo la tensión baja I have low blood pressure;
    tener la moral baja, estar bajo de moral to be in low o poor spirits;
    estar en baja forma to be off form;
    han mostrado una baja forma alarmante they have shown worryingly poor form, they have been worryingly off form;
    los precios más bajos de la ciudad the lowest prices in the city;
    tirando o [m5] calculando por lo bajo at least, at the minimum;
    de baja calidad poor(-quality);
    bajo en calorías low-calorie;
    bajo en nicotina low in nicotine (content)
    Elec baja frecuencia low frequency; Arte bajo relieve bas-relief; Informát baja resolución low resolution
    2. [cabeza] bowed;
    [ojos] downcast;
    paseaba con la cabeza baja she was walking with her head down
    3. [poco audible] low;
    [sonido] soft, faint;
    en voz baja softly, in a low voice;
    pon la música más baja, por favor turn the music down, please;
    por lo bajo [en voz baja] in an undertone;
    [en secreto] secretly;
    reírse por lo bajo to snicker, to snigger
    4. [grave] deep
    5. Geog lower;
    el bajo Amazonas the lower Amazon
    6. Hist lower;
    la baja Edad Media the late Middle Ages
    7. [pobre] lower-class
    los bajos fondos the underworld
    8. [vil] base
    9. [soez] coarse, vulgar;
    se dejó llevar por bajas pasiones he allowed his baser instincts to get the better of him
    10. [metal] base
    11. Perú baja policía street cleaners
    nm
    1. [dobladillo] hem;
    meter el bajo de una falda to take up a skirt
    2. [planta baja] [piso] Br ground floor flat, US first floor apartment;
    [local] Br premises on the ground floor, US premises on the first floor;
    los bajos Br the ground floor, US the first floor
    3. Mús [instrumento, cantante] bass;
    [instrumentista] bassist
    4. Mús [sonido] bass
    5. Aut
    bajos [de vehículo] underside
    6. [hondonada] hollow
    7. [banco de arena] shoal, sandbank
    adv
    1. [hablar] quietly, softly;
    ella habla más bajo que él she speaks more softly than he does;
    ¡habla más bajo, vas a despertar al bebé! keep your voice down or you'll wake the baby up!
    2. [caer] low;
    Fig
    ¡qué bajo has caído! how low you have sunk!
    3. [volar] low
    prep
    1. [debajo de] under;
    bajo su apariencia pacífica se escondía un ser agresivo beneath his calm exterior there lay an aggressive nature;
    bajo cero below zero;
    Fig
    bajo cuerda o [m5] mano secretly, in an underhand manner;
    le pagó bajo mano para conseguir lo que quería he paid her secretly to get what he wanted;
    bajo este ángulo from this angle;
    bajo la lluvia in the rain;
    bajo techo under cover;
    dormir bajo techo to sleep with a roof over one's head o indoors
    2. [sometido a]
    bajo coacción under duress;
    bajo control under control;
    bajo el régimen de Franco under Franco's regime;
    fue encarcelado bajo la acusación de… he was jailed on charges of…;
    Der
    bajo fianza on bail;
    bajo mando de under the command of;
    prohibido aparcar bajo multa de 100 euros no parking – penalty 100 euros;
    bajo observación under observation;
    bajo palabra on one's word;
    el trato se hizo bajo palabra it was a purely verbal o a gentleman's agreement;
    bajo pena de muerte on pain of death;
    bajo tratamiento médico receiving medical treatment;
    bajo la tutela de in the care of
    * * *
    I adj
    1 low;
    bajo en sal low in salt
    2 persona short
    II m
    1 MÚS bass
    2 piso first floor, Br
    ground floor; de edificio first floor apartment, Br
    ground floor flat
    3 de vestido, pantalón hem
    4
    :
    por lo bajo at least
    III adv
    1 cantar, hablar quietly, softly
    2 volar low
    IV prp under;
    tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero;
    palabra on o under oath
    * * *
    bajo adv
    1) : down, low
    2) : softly, quietly
    habla más bajo: speak more softly
    bajo, -ja adj
    1) : low
    2) : short (of stature)
    3) : soft, faint, deep (of sounds)
    4) : lower
    el bajo Amazonas: the lower Amazon
    5) : lowered
    con la mirada baja: with lowered eyes
    6) : base, vile
    7)
    los bajos fondos : the underworld
    bajo nm
    1) : bass (musical instrument)
    2) : first floor, ground floor
    3) : hemline
    bajo prep
    : under, beneath, below
    * * *
    bajo1 adj
    1. (persona) short
    2. (muro, mueble, voz) low
    habla en voz baja she speaks in a low voice / she speaks quietly
    3. (nivel, precio, número) low
    bajo2 adv
    2. (con voz suave) quietly
    bajo3 n
    1. (planta baja) ground floor
    3. (instrumento, voz) bass
    ¿quién toca el bajo? who plays the bass?
    4. (músico) bass player
    bajo4 prep under

    Spanish-English dictionary > bajo

  • 3 Hand

    Hand f GEN hand bei der Hand GEN ready to hand einem die Hand reichen V&M give one’s hand etw. unter der Hand verkaufen GEN sell sth by private treaty in der Hand zu halten V&M hand-held unter der Hand GEN by private contract zu getreuen Händen GEN, RECHT, IMP/EXP in trust zur Hand GEN ready to hand
    * * *
    f < Geschäft> hand ■ bei der Hand < Geschäft> ready to hand ■ einem die Hand reichen <V&M> give one's hand ■ etw. unter der Hand verkaufen < Geschäft> sell sth by private treaty ■ in der Hand zu halten <V&M> hand-held ■ unter der Hand < Geschäft> by private contract ■ zur Hand < Geschäft> ready to hand
    * * *
    Hand, aus einer
    one-stop, from one (a single) source;
    aus erster Hand immediate, first-hand;
    aus zweiter Hand secondhand, at second hand;
    aus dritter Hand at third hand;
    im Besitz der öffentlichen Hand public-owned, under government control;
    unter der Hand by private contract, privately, under the counter, sub rosa, on the side (Br.);
    zur gesamten (ungeteilten) Hand jointly;
    freie Hand noncommittal;
    glückliche Hand green fingers (coll.);
    letzte Hand ultimate owner (user);
    öffentliche Hand state sector;
    tote Hand dead hand, mortmain;
    rechte Hand des Chefs right-hand man of the boss;
    letzte Hand anlegen to add the finishing touches;
    Hand in Hand mit jem. arbeiten to work hand-in-glove (in close cooperation) with s. o.;
    100 Euro auf die Hand bekommen to receive euro 100 clear;
    unter der Hand erfahren to get to know on the quiet;
    an die Hand geben to give an option, (Grundstück einem Makler) to list (US);
    fest an die Hand geben to make a firm offer;
    jem. ein Vorzugsrecht an die Hand geben to give s. o. the first refusal;
    bei der Auswahl seiner Mitarbeiter keine gute Hand haben to be unhappy in one’s staff;
    eine hohle Hand haben to be open to bribery;
    Nachricht aus der ersten Hand haben to have a piece of news straight from the horse’s mouth;
    offene Hand haben to have an itching palm;
    die aus erster Hand kaufen to purchase (buy) first hand;
    jem. freie Hand lassen to give s. o. a free hand, to allow s. o. a free hand (rein);
    jem. völlig freie Hand lassen to give full scope to s. o.;
    von der Hand in den Mund leben to live from hand to mouth, to lead a hand-to-mouth existence;
    an die tote Hand veräußern to mortmain;
    unter der Hand verkaufen to sell privately (by private bargain, under the counter);
    aus einer Hand betreut werden to be covered from one source;
    von der öffentlichen Hand unterstützt werden to live upon the parish;
    Handakten reference files, (Anwalt) brief, pleadings;
    Handarbeit manual (unskilled, common, hand) labo(u)r, handiwork;
    in Handarbeit hergestellt craftsman-made;
    Handarbeiter manual worker (labo(u)rer), handworkman, blue-collar worker (US);
    ohne Handarbeiter auskommen to dispense with hand labo(u)r;
    Handausgabe pocket edition;
    Handbedienung manual control (operation).

    Business german-english dictionary > Hand

  • 4 רשות II

    רָשוּתII, f. (רָשָׁה) 1) power, authority, control. Ned.X. 2, v. רוֹקֵן. Gen. R. s. 67 ששה … ברְשוּתוֹ שלשה אינן ברשותו six things (organs) serve man, three of which are under his control, and three are not; העין … ורשותווכ׳ the eye, the ear, and the nose are not under his control Bets.V, 2 משוםר׳ as an exercise of authority (judging, betrothal ; differ. interpret. in comment); a. fr.Esp. secular government, (mostly) the Roman government in Palestine, Roman officials, Roman party. Ab. I, 10, v. יָדַע. Ib. II, 3, v. זָהִיר. Sabb.11a, v. חָלָל III. Ab. Zar.17a (ref. to Prov. 30:15) קול שתי בנות … ומאי נינהי מינות והר׳ Ms. M. the voice of two daughters that cry from Gehenna, and say in this world, ‘bring, bring; and who are they? Heresy and Government. Makhsh. II, 5 אם יש בהר׳ if it is the residence of Roman officials (for whom the baths are always kept in readiness). Yoma 86b והר׳ מקברתוכ׳ and high office buries its occupant (causes premature death). Erub.41b שלשה אין רואין … חולי מעיין והר׳ three persons shall not see Gehenna (expiate their sins in this world): those who suffer from extreme poverty, from bowel diseases, and from governmental exactions (Rashi: from creditors). Y.Snh.VI, 23d sq. ר׳ של מטן the earthly government; ר׳ של מעלן the divine government; a. fr.Pl. רְשוּיוֹת. Ḥag.15a שמא … שתיר׳ הן are there, God forbid! two powers (governing the universe)? Gen. R. s. 1 (ref. to ברא, Gen. 1:1) אין כל … שתיר׳וכ׳ none can say, two powers created the world (the verb ברא being in the singular) Ber.33b דמיחזי כשתיר׳ (saying מודים twice) has the appearance of a belief in a duality; a. e. 2) (trad. pronunc. רְשוּת) dominion, domain, territory. B. Kam.I, 2 ר׳ המיוחדת למזיק a territory exclusively belonging to the owner of the animal that did the damage; ר׳ הניזק והמזיק a space belonging to both owners. Ib. 13b (in Chald. dict.) תורך ברְשוּתִי מאי בעי what had thy ox to do in my ground. Ib. 81a; Taan.6b שבילי הר׳ the paths (short cuts) through private property. B. Mets.5b משביעין אותו שבועה שאינו ברשותו we make him swear that it is not in his possession; a. v. fr.ר׳ היחיד (abbrev. רהי֞) private ground; ר׳ הרבים (abbrev. רהר֞, רה֞) public road. Sabb.6a; a. v. fr.Ib. 9a הרי זור׳ לעצמה this forms a territory for itself (with regard to Sabbath movements). Ib. VII, 2 המוציא מר׳ לר׳ he who carries things (on the Sabbath) from one territory to another; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. 6a ארבער׳ לשבתוכ׳ there are four classes of territories with regard to Sabbath laws ; Tosef. ib. I, 1. Ib. 6; Sabb. l. c. אסקופה … שתיר׳ the threshold stands for two territories; when the door is open, it is classified with the interior Ib. 9a כל … מוצא שתיר׳וכ׳ wherever you find two territories belonging to the same class; a. fr.Y.Kidd.III, 64c top; Y.Ned.VIII, 40d bot. (ref. to R. Joses opinions Kidd.III, 9, a. Ned.VIII, 2) תמן הוא אמר עד שיצאו כל הרשויות הגדולות עד שיצאו כל הר׳ הקטנותוכ׳ there, he says, the terms, ‘the oldest, ‘the youngest, tend to exclude all the older daughters, and all the younger daughters respectively (so that only the oldest of the daughters of his first wife, and respectively the youngest of the daughters of his second wife are meant), and here he says so (that the widest scope is adopted)? 3) permission, option; optional act. Ber.28a וניתנה להםר׳וכ׳ and permission to enter was given to the students. Ab. III, 15, v. צָפָה. Ḥull.141a לדבר הר׳, v. מִצְוָה. Ib. 106a, v. מִצְוָה. Ber.27b, v. חוֹבָה. M. Kat. III, 3 אגרות שלר׳, v. שְׁאִילָה; a. fr. נטילתר׳ taking leave of absence, parting, at which a religious remark was customary. Lev. R. s. 17 עביד להו נ׳ ר made these verses the text for leave-taking (cmp. אַפְטַרְתָּא). Y.Ber.II, 5c bot. ההיא מילתא … הוה נ׳ר׳ דידיה that remark … was his leave-taking.( 4) (cmp. רַשַּׁאי 2) debt, loan, creditors claim. Erub.41b, v. supra.

    Jewish literature > רשות II

  • 5 רָשוּת

    רָשוּתII, f. (רָשָׁה) 1) power, authority, control. Ned.X. 2, v. רוֹקֵן. Gen. R. s. 67 ששה … ברְשוּתוֹ שלשה אינן ברשותו six things (organs) serve man, three of which are under his control, and three are not; העין … ורשותווכ׳ the eye, the ear, and the nose are not under his control Bets.V, 2 משוםר׳ as an exercise of authority (judging, betrothal ; differ. interpret. in comment); a. fr.Esp. secular government, (mostly) the Roman government in Palestine, Roman officials, Roman party. Ab. I, 10, v. יָדַע. Ib. II, 3, v. זָהִיר. Sabb.11a, v. חָלָל III. Ab. Zar.17a (ref. to Prov. 30:15) קול שתי בנות … ומאי נינהי מינות והר׳ Ms. M. the voice of two daughters that cry from Gehenna, and say in this world, ‘bring, bring; and who are they? Heresy and Government. Makhsh. II, 5 אם יש בהר׳ if it is the residence of Roman officials (for whom the baths are always kept in readiness). Yoma 86b והר׳ מקברתוכ׳ and high office buries its occupant (causes premature death). Erub.41b שלשה אין רואין … חולי מעיין והר׳ three persons shall not see Gehenna (expiate their sins in this world): those who suffer from extreme poverty, from bowel diseases, and from governmental exactions (Rashi: from creditors). Y.Snh.VI, 23d sq. ר׳ של מטן the earthly government; ר׳ של מעלן the divine government; a. fr.Pl. רְשוּיוֹת. Ḥag.15a שמא … שתיר׳ הן are there, God forbid! two powers (governing the universe)? Gen. R. s. 1 (ref. to ברא, Gen. 1:1) אין כל … שתיר׳וכ׳ none can say, two powers created the world (the verb ברא being in the singular) Ber.33b דמיחזי כשתיר׳ (saying מודים twice) has the appearance of a belief in a duality; a. e. 2) (trad. pronunc. רְשוּת) dominion, domain, territory. B. Kam.I, 2 ר׳ המיוחדת למזיק a territory exclusively belonging to the owner of the animal that did the damage; ר׳ הניזק והמזיק a space belonging to both owners. Ib. 13b (in Chald. dict.) תורך ברְשוּתִי מאי בעי what had thy ox to do in my ground. Ib. 81a; Taan.6b שבילי הר׳ the paths (short cuts) through private property. B. Mets.5b משביעין אותו שבועה שאינו ברשותו we make him swear that it is not in his possession; a. v. fr.ר׳ היחיד (abbrev. רהי֞) private ground; ר׳ הרבים (abbrev. רהר֞, רה֞) public road. Sabb.6a; a. v. fr.Ib. 9a הרי זור׳ לעצמה this forms a territory for itself (with regard to Sabbath movements). Ib. VII, 2 המוציא מר׳ לר׳ he who carries things (on the Sabbath) from one territory to another; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. 6a ארבער׳ לשבתוכ׳ there are four classes of territories with regard to Sabbath laws ; Tosef. ib. I, 1. Ib. 6; Sabb. l. c. אסקופה … שתיר׳ the threshold stands for two territories; when the door is open, it is classified with the interior Ib. 9a כל … מוצא שתיר׳וכ׳ wherever you find two territories belonging to the same class; a. fr.Y.Kidd.III, 64c top; Y.Ned.VIII, 40d bot. (ref. to R. Joses opinions Kidd.III, 9, a. Ned.VIII, 2) תמן הוא אמר עד שיצאו כל הרשויות הגדולות עד שיצאו כל הר׳ הקטנותוכ׳ there, he says, the terms, ‘the oldest, ‘the youngest, tend to exclude all the older daughters, and all the younger daughters respectively (so that only the oldest of the daughters of his first wife, and respectively the youngest of the daughters of his second wife are meant), and here he says so (that the widest scope is adopted)? 3) permission, option; optional act. Ber.28a וניתנה להםר׳וכ׳ and permission to enter was given to the students. Ab. III, 15, v. צָפָה. Ḥull.141a לדבר הר׳, v. מִצְוָה. Ib. 106a, v. מִצְוָה. Ber.27b, v. חוֹבָה. M. Kat. III, 3 אגרות שלר׳, v. שְׁאִילָה; a. fr. נטילתר׳ taking leave of absence, parting, at which a religious remark was customary. Lev. R. s. 17 עביד להו נ׳ ר made these verses the text for leave-taking (cmp. אַפְטַרְתָּא). Y.Ber.II, 5c bot. ההיא מילתא … הוה נ׳ר׳ דידיה that remark … was his leave-taking.( 4) (cmp. רַשַּׁאי 2) debt, loan, creditors claim. Erub.41b, v. supra.

    Jewish literature > רָשוּת

  • 6 aus einer

    Hand, aus einer
    one-stop, from one (a single) source;
    aus erster Hand immediate, first-hand;
    aus zweiter Hand secondhand, at second hand;
    aus dritter Hand at third hand;
    im Besitz der öffentlichen Hand public-owned, under government control;
    unter der Hand by private contract, privately, under the counter, sub rosa, on the side (Br.);
    zur gesamten (ungeteilten) Hand jointly;
    freie Hand noncommittal;
    glückliche Hand green fingers (coll.);
    letzte Hand ultimate owner (user);
    öffentliche Hand state sector;
    tote Hand dead hand, mortmain;
    rechte Hand des Chefs right-hand man of the boss;
    letzte Hand anlegen to add the finishing touches;
    Hand in Hand mit jem. arbeiten to work hand-in-glove (in close cooperation) with s. o.;
    100 Euro auf die Hand bekommen to receive euro 100 clear;
    unter der Hand erfahren to get to know on the quiet;
    an die Hand geben to give an option, (Grundstück einem Makler) to list (US);
    fest an die Hand geben to make a firm offer;
    jem. ein Vorzugsrecht an die Hand geben to give s. o. the first refusal;
    bei der Auswahl seiner Mitarbeiter keine gute Hand haben to be unhappy in one’s staff;
    eine hohle Hand haben to be open to bribery;
    Nachricht aus der ersten Hand haben to have a piece of news straight from the horse’s mouth;
    offene Hand haben to have an itching palm;
    die aus erster Hand kaufen to purchase (buy) first hand;
    jem. freie Hand lassen to give s. o. a free hand, to allow s. o. a free hand (rein);
    jem. völlig freie Hand lassen to give full scope to s. o.;
    von der Hand in den Mund leben to live from hand to mouth, to lead a hand-to-mouth existence;
    an die tote Hand veräußern to mortmain;
    unter der Hand verkaufen to sell privately (by private bargain, under the counter);
    aus einer Hand betreut werden to be covered from one source;
    von der öffentlichen Hand unterstützt werden to live upon the parish;
    Handakten reference files, (Anwalt) brief, pleadings;
    Handarbeit manual (unskilled, common, hand) labo(u)r, handiwork;
    in Handarbeit hergestellt craftsman-made;
    Handarbeiter manual worker (labo(u)rer), handworkman, blue-collar worker (US);
    ohne Handarbeiter auskommen to dispense with hand labo(u)r;
    Handausgabe pocket edition;
    Handbedienung manual control (operation).

    Business german-english dictionary > aus einer

  • 7 غير

    غَيْر \ another: a different one: We’ll go there another time. If this hat does not fit, try another. besides: as well as: I have two brothers besides John.. other: (in comparisons) different: He likes French cigarettes and won’t smoke any other kind. This side is dry; the other side is wet. I can’t do it now; I have other things to do. short of: less than; other than: Nothing short of a new government will save the country. un-: giving an opposite sense: ‘Unlikely’ means ‘not likely’. \ See Also آخر (آخَر)‏ \ غَيْرُ أَجْوَف \ solid: not hollow: without holes: a solid rubber ball. \ See Also صلب (صُلْب)‏ \ غَيْرُ أَكيد \ faint: (of thoughts and feelings) weak; uncertain: I haven’t the faintest idea where she is. uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ See Also ضعيف (ضَعِيف)، غير مؤكّد \ غَيْرُ أمْلَس \ rough: not smooth: a rough road; a rough surface. \ غَيْرُ آمن \ insecure: not safe; not supported or able to support other things: Be careful of that door - the lock is very insecure. \ غَيْرُ أُمِّيّ \ literate: able to read and write. \ غَيْرَ أنَّ \ but: yet: He came but she did not. I need food but I have no money to buy any. She is thin but strong. only: but: She wanted to buy it, only she had no money. \ غَيْرُ أهل للثّقة \ suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ بالِغ \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ بهيج \ dull: (of weather or colour) not clean or bright; cloudy: a dull day; a dull blue. \ غَيْرُ جاهز للعَمَل \ out of training: not in good condition. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ plain: (of people) not good-looking: He was a nice boy, but rather plain and not very clever. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ homely: (of people, faces, etc.) not goodlooking. \ See Also جذاب (جذّاب)‏ \ غَيْرُ حادّ \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. \ غَيْرُ حَذِر \ unwary: (esp. as a noun with the) careless; not looking out for danger or deceit: ‘Easy’ questions in an exam are often a trap for the unwary (or for unwary people). \ غَيْرُ حقيقي \ unreal: imaginary; not related to facts. \ غَيْرُ دقيق \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ ذلك \ else: other (together with the first one); besides: Who else came? Did you look anywhere else, or only under the bed?, other (instead of the first one); instead Let’s talk about something else. Peter was ill, so someone else came. If there’s no coffee, what else can I drink?. otherwise: differently: I thought it was true, but they thought otherwise. \ غَيْرُ رَسْمِيّ \ informal: without ceremony or special dress: The prince paid an informal visit to the town. private: not official; not concerning one’s work; concerning one’s home and family: In his private life, the actor is rather quiet, although in the play he is loud and angry. \ غَيْرُ سَارّ \ bad, worse, worst: (of news, weather, etc.) unpleasant. \ غَيْرُ سالِك \ impassable: (of roads) unfit for use; blocked (by snow, mud, etc.). \ غَيْرُ سَكران \ sober: not under the control of alcohol; not drunk: A car driver ought to be sober. \ غَيْرُ سليمة \ broken, break: (of language) incorrectly spoken by a foreigner: broken English. \ غَيْرُ شَرْعِيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. illegitimate: (of a child) born to a mother who is not married. \ غَيْرُ شريف \ crooked: dishonest. \ غَيْرُ شَفّاف \ opaque: not allowing light to pass through it: opaque glass. \ غَيْرُ صافٍ \ gross: (of figures or amounts) whole, before subtracting anything; the opposite of net: Your gross pay is the amount before tax is paid. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح للاستعمال \ out of order: not working: I couldn’t ring you up yesterday because our telephone was out of order. \ غَيْرُ صالح للأَكل \ inedible: not fit to eat. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح لِلْعَمَل \ out of action: not working; out of order: This telephone is out of action. \ غَيْرُ صِحّي \ insanitary: so dirty that health is put at risk: an insanitary kitchen. \ غَيْرُ صحيح \ false: wrong; incorrect: a false idea. \ غَيْرُ صَحيح \ unsound: not in good condition, not satisfactory: unsound teeth; an unsound explanation. \ See Also سَليم \ غَيْرُ ضَارّ \ harmless: causing no harm; gentle: A lamb is a harmless creature. Is this insect poison harmless to people?. \ غَيْرُ ضروريّ \ needless: useless; unnecessary (trouble, expense etc.). \ غَيْرُ طاهر \ impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ طَبيعِيّ \ artificial: adj. (of teeth, light, silk, etc.) not natural; made by man. False: not natural: false teeth. weird: very strange. \ غَيْرُ عَادِيّ \ abnormal: different from what is natural or usual: It is abnormal to have only 3 fingers on one hand. exceptional: unusual: That book is an exeptional one. It was an exceptionally hot summer. peculiar: unusual strange. remarkable: surprising; unusual and worth noticing: a remarkable change; a remarkably goodlooking child. unusual: not usual; strange. \ غَيْرُ عالِم بِـ \ ignorant of: not having heard about (a particular thing): I was ignorant of his plans. \ غَيْرُ عَمَليّ \ theoretical: adj. of theories; not learned from experience; supposed; not proved: I have only a theoretical knowledge of cooking from reading cookery books. \ غَيْرُ فَعّال \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ قابل للتصديق (غير معقول)‏ \ incredible: too strange to be believed; unbelievable: an incredible story. \ غَيْرُ قادِر \ incapable: not able to do sth.; not having the power or nature to do sth.: flowers are incapable of growing without light. She is incapable of being unkind to people. \ غَيْرُ قادِر على الحركة \ numb: having no feeling: My fingers were numb with cold. \ غَيْرُ قانونيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. wrongful: unjust; unlawful: wrongful imprisonment. \ غَيْرُ كافٍ \ insufficient: not enough (in power, ability, etc.): insufficient knowledge; insufficient food. lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. scanty: (of a supply, of clothing, etc.) very small; not enough: He was too scantily dressed to keep warm. \ غَيْرُ كامِل \ incomplete: not complete; not perfect: This piece of work is incomplete - please finish it. His explanation is incomplete - it doesn’t explain all the facts. \ غَيْرُ كَثِيف \ sparse: thinly scattered: sparse hair; sparse grass. \ غَيْرُ كُفْء \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ لائق \ beneath sb.’s dignity: unsuitable for sb. to do: It was beneath the teacher’s dignity to sweep the classroom. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. \ غَيْرُ لَبِق \ awkward: (of manner or movement) showing difficulty; not skilful: He is too awkward on his feet to be a dancer. tactless: showing no understanding or skill in dealing with others: a tactless person; a tactless statement. \ غَيْرُ مُؤَدَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. \ غَيْرُ مُؤذٍ \ innocent: harmless: innocent amusements. \ غَيْرُ مؤكَّد \ uncertain: not certain; doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ غَيْرُ مُؤلم \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ مأْلوف \ queer: strange, unusually and not understood: a queer noise. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَأْهول \ desert: (of an island) with nobody living on it. wild: (of plants, creatures, land, etc.) in a natural state, not under the control of man. \ غَيْرُ مُبَاشِر \ indirect: not straight or directly joined to; meaning something which is not directly said: an indirect road; the indirect result of an action; an indirect answer. \ غَيْرُ مُبَالٍ \ indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مَبْتُوت بأمْرِه \ pending: (of a doubtful matter, esp. in court) not yet settled. \ غَيْرُ مُبْهَم \ definite: certain; clear: a definite promise; a definite plan of action. \ غَيْرُ متأكِّد \ in doubt: uncertain: When in doubt, ask your father. \ غَيْرُ مُتَجَانِس \ odd: mixed; different from each other: a boxful of odd tools; two odd shoes (not a pair). \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَرِّك \ stationary: not moving: a stationary vehicle. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَفِّظ \ outspoken: (of sb. or his speech) saying just what one thinks, although it may annoy some people. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَمِّس \ cool: unfriendly; They gave us rather a cool welcome. \ غَيْرُ متحمّس لِـ \ half-hearted: not eager; showing little effort or interest: He made a half-hearted attempt at the work. \ غَيْرُ مُتَرَابِط \ scrappy: made of scraps; incomplete; badly arranged: a scrappy meal; a scrappy report. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل \ intermittent: repeatedly stopping and starting; not continuous: intermittent rain. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل بِـ \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُتَطَرِّف \ moderate: reasonable (in size or amount; in one’s customs or opinions, etc.); neither too big nor too small; neither too much nor too little: moderate prices; moderate political aims. \ غَيْرُ مُتقَن \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ مُتْقَن (للشيء أو العمل)‏ \ sloppy: (of a person) lacking effort or spirit; weakly lazy; (of a substance) wet and loose: a sloppy piece of work; a sloppy paste. \ غَيْرُ مُتَكَلّف \ homely: simple and friendly; making one feel at home: This little hotel has a homely feeling. \ غَيْرُ مُتَمدِّن (إنسان)‏ \ savage: old use sb. living in an undeveloped society, seen as fierce and wild and likely to attack strangers. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَازِن \ top-heavy: so heavy at the top that it is likely to fall over: a top heavy load. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَافر \ out of stock: not in stock. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَقَّع \ abrupt: (of movement, change, etc.) sudden and unexpected: an abrupt change of plan. unexpected: not expected; surprising that one did not think would happen: an unexpected present; something quite unexpected. \ غَيْرُ مُجْدٍ \ vain: useless; unsuccessful: a vain attempt. ineffective: not able to produce the desired effect: This medicine is quite ineffective. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَرِف \ amateur: one who works or plays for pleasure, not for money: an amateur actor. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَمَل \ improbable: not likely to happen: That is an improbable idea. intolerable: (of heat, annoyance, rudeness, etc.) more than one can bear. \ غَيْرُ مُحَدَّد \ indefinite: adj. not clear; not fixed in time: indefinite ideas; at an indefinite date. \ غَيْرُ مَحْدُود \ infinite: endless; not measurable: I have infinite faith in his abilities. This is infinitely better than that. The infinite space of the sky. whole-hearted: full, unlimited, eager and willing: His plan had their whole-hearted support. \ غَيْرُ مُدْرِك \ unaware: not knowing: I was unaware of all the facts. He was unaware of the danger he was in. \ غَيْرُ مَرْئيّ \ invisible: unable to be seen: The sun remained invisible behind the heavy clouds. unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُرَاعٍ لشُعور الآخرين \ thoughtless: careless; not troubling about the future or about other people: a thoughtless waste of money; thoughtless cruelty. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has came undone. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ loose: not tied; not contained in sth.: The sweets were sold loose, not packed in tins. \ See Also مقيد (مُقيَّد)‏ \ غَيْرُ مُرْتاح \ uneasy: anxious, uncomfortable. \ غَيْرُ مُرَتَّب \ dishevelled: (of a person’s appearance, esp. hair) untidy. \ غَيْرُ مُرَكَّز \ watery: like water; containing too much water: watery milk. weak: (of liquids like tea or coffee) lacking taste or strength, because of too much water or milk. \ غَيْرُ مُريح \ inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. uncomfortable: not comfortable: This chair is very uncomfortable. I’m very uncomfortable in it. \ غَيْرُ مَسْؤُول \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَحَبّ \ unpleasant: not pleasing or enjoyable; (of people) wanting to quarrel; unkind: What an unpleasant smell! The heat of summer can be very unpleasant. That man was rather unpleasant to me. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَخْدَم \ obsolete: no longer used; out of date: an obsolete word; an obsolete custom. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَعْمَل \ archaic: very old; (esp. of words) no longer used. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَوٍ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. rugged: rough and rocky: a rugged coast; rugged cliffs. \ غَيْرُ مُسْرَج \ bareback: (in riding horses, etc.) without a proper leather seat: The boys rode bareback. \ غَيْرُ مُسْكِر (للشَّراب)‏ \ soft: (of drinks) not alcoholic. \ غَيْرُ مَشْرُوع \ foul: (in sport) disobeying the rules: Foul play. The whistle was blown for a foul. \ غَيْرُ مشغول \ free: not busy; not in use: If you’re free this evening, let’s go to the cinema. Is this seat free?. \ غَيْرُ مُصابٍ بِأَذى \ intact: not touched; not damaged or broken; complete: The box was broken but the contents were intact. \ غَيْرُ مَصْقول \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. coarse: (of people and their manners) rough; rude: a coarse fellow; a coarse laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُصَنَّع \ crude: in its natural state: crude oil. \ غَيْرُ مَصْنُوع \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has come undone. \ See Also منجز (مُنْجَز)‏ \ غَيْرُ مطبوخ \ raw: uncooked: raw meat. \ غَيْرُ مُطْلَق \ relative: comparative: the relative values of gold and iron. \ غَيْرُ مُعَدّ \ rambling: (of speeches, stories, etc.) not planned; wandering aimlessly: He wrote a long rambling letter about his troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُعَشَّق \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ مُعَقَّد \ simple: plain; not fine or grand: We lead a simple life in the country. \ See Also منمق (مُنَمَّق)، متكلف (مُتَكَلَّف)‏ \ غَيْرُ مَعْقُول \ absurd: not at all sensible; foolish: The singer’s absurd clothes made us laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُغَطّى \ naked: not protected by a cover: naked sword; a naked light (whose flame is therefore dangerous). \ غَيْرُ مُفيد \ useless: worthless; fulfilling no purpose; without effect. \ غَيْرُ مَقْرُوء \ illegible: difficult or impossible to read (because the letters or figures cannot be clearly seen). \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ open: not limited: The next race is open to children of any age. It’s an open race. \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ wanton: carelessly uncontrolled;with no good reason; wild or playful, with bad resutls: Wanton behaviour causes wanton damage. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرِث \ careless: not taking care: Careless drivers cause accidents. indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرَث بِه \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُلائِم \ adverse: unfavourable: an adverse report; adverse winds that delay sailing. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. \ غَيْرُ مُمطِر \ dry: not wet; with no rain; with no water: a dry cloth; dry weather; a dry river. \ غَيْرُ ممكِن \ impossible: not possible. \ غَيْرُ مُمَيّز \ indiscriminate: not choosing carefully: He invited people indiscriminately to his party. \ غَيْرُ مناسب \ wrong: not correct; mistaken; unsuitable: That’s the wrong answer, and the wrong way to do it. She came in the wrong clothes for riding. \ See Also ملائم (مُلائِم)‏ \ غَيْرُ مُنْطَبِق على \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُنَظَّم \ random: not planned, not regular: random visits to the city. \ See Also غَيْر مُخَطَّط \ غَيْرُ مَنْظُور \ unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُهْتَمّ به \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُهَذَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَوْثوق \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ مُوجِع \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ موجُود \ lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. \ غَيْرُ مَوْصُول بالمُحَرِّك \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ ناضج \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ نِظاميّ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. \ غَيْرُ نَقِيّ \ cloudy: (of liquids) not clear. impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ واثِق \ uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. \ غَيْرُ واثِق من نفْسه \ insecure: feeling afraid and not sure of oneself: He’s a very insecure person, and so he always thinks other people don’t like him. \ غَيْرُ واضِح \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. vague: not clearly seen or expressed or understood; (of people) having no clear ideas: She made a vague statement. He’s rather vague about his duties. \ غَيْرُ واقعي \ fictitious: imagined; not a fact; not true: a fictitious character in a book. \ غَيْرُ وِدّي \ icy: (of a voice or manner) very cold; very unfriendly. cold: unfriendly: a cold welcome; a cold heart.

    Arabic-English dictionary > غير

  • 8 statalizzare

    statalizzare v.tr. to nationalize, to put* under state control: statalizzare un'azienda privata, un'industria, to nationalize a private concern, an industry.
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    [statalid'dzare]
    verbo transitivo to bring* [sth.] under state control [ impresa]
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    statalizzare
    /statalid'dzare/ [1]
    to bring* [sth.] under state control [ impresa].

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > statalizzare

  • 9 Education

       In Portugal's early history, education was firmly under the control of the Catholic Church. The earliest schools were located in cathedrals and monasteries and taught a small number of individuals destined for ecclesiastical office. In 1290, a university was established by King Dinis (1261-1325) in Lisbon, but was moved to Coimbra in 1308, where it remained. Coimbra University, Portugal's oldest, and once its most prestigious, was the educational cradle of Portugal's leadership. From 1555 until the 18th century, primary and secondary education was provided by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). The Catholic Church's educational monopoly was broken when the Marquis of Pombal expelled the Jesuits in 1759 and created the basis for Portugal's present system of public, secular primary and secondary schools. Pombal introduced vocational training, created hundreds of teaching posts, added departments of mathematics and natural sciences at Coimbra University, and established an education tax to pay for them.
       During the 19th century, liberals attempted to reform Portugal's educational system, which was highly elitist and emphasized rote memorization and respect for authority, hierarchy, and discipline.
       Reforms initiated in 1822, 1835, and 1844 were never actualized, however, and education remained unchanged until the early 20th century. After the overthrow of the monarchy on the Fifth of October 1910 by Republican military officers, efforts to reform Portugal's educational system were renewed. New universities were founded in Lisbon and Oporto, a Ministry of Education was established, and efforts were made to increase literacy (illiteracy rates being 80 percent) and to resecularize educational content by introducing more scientific and empirical methods into the curriculum.
       Such efforts were ended during the military dictatorship (192632), which governed Portugal until the establishment of the Estado Novo (1926-74). Although a new technical university was founded in Lisbon in 1930, little was done during the Estado Novo to modernize education or to reduce illiteracy. Only in 1964 was compulsory primary education made available for children between the ages of 6 and 12.
       The Revolution of 25 April 1974 disrupted Portugal's educational system. For a period of time after the Revolution, students, faculty, and administrators became highly politicized as socialists, communists, and other groups attempted to gain control of the schools. During the 1980s, as Portuguese politics moderated, the educational system was gradually depoliticized, greater emphasis was placed on learning, and efforts were made to improve the quality of Portuguese schools.
       Primary education in Portugal consists of four years in the primary (first) cycle and two years in the preparatory, or second, cycle. The preparatory cycle is intended for children going on to secondary education. Secondary education is roughly equivalent to junior and senior high schools in the United States. It consists of three years of a common curriculum and two years of complementary courses (10th and 11th grades). A final year (12th grade) prepares students to take university entrance examinations.
       Vocational education was introduced in 1983. It consists of a three-year course in a particular skill after the 11th grade of secondary school.
       Higher education is provided by the four older universities (Lisbon, Coimbra, Oporto, and the Technical University of Lisbon), as well as by six newer universities, one in Lisbon and the others in Minho, Aveiro, Évora, the Algarve, and the Azores. There is also a private Catholic university in Lisbon. Admission to Portuguese universities is highly competitive, and places are limited. About 10 percent of secondary students go on to university education. The average length of study at the university is five years, after which students receive their licentiate. The professoriate has four ranks (professors, associate professors, lecturers, and assistants). Professors have tenure, while the other ranks teach on contract.
       As Portugal is a unitary state, the educational system is highly centralized. All public primary and secondary schools, universities, and educational institutes are under the purview of the Ministry of Education, and all teachers and professors are included in the civil service and receive pay and pension like other civil servants. The Ministry of Education hires teachers, determines curriculum, sets policy, and pays for the building and upkeep of schools. Local communities have little say in educational matters.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Education

  • 10 Vermögen

    Vermögen n 1. WIWI fortune, wealth (Reichtum); means, substance; property (Besitz, Eigentum); 2. FIN, RW assets (Aktiva, Vermögenswerte); net worth (Reinvermögen = Nettovermögen = Aktiva minus Schulden); capital (als konkretes Kapital Gegensatz zum abstrakten Kapital der Passivseite der Bilanz, Realvermögen); 3. GEN power, property; fortune (großer Geldbetrag); money (Geldvermögen) durch bewegliches oder unbewegliches Vermögen dinglich gesichert RECHT secured by a charge on movable or immovable property zu liquidierendes Vermögen RECHT assets to be realised
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    n 1. < Finanz> assets; 2. < Geschäft> power, property; 3. < Rechnung> assets, net worth, konkretes Kapital capital (Gegensatz zum abstrakten Kapital der Passivseite der Bilanz) ; 4. <Vw> Geldvermögen money
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    Vermögen
    property [and effects], fortune, (Aktiva) assets, (Fähigkeit) faculty, power, ability, capacity, (Gesellschaft) treasury, (Kapital) funds, means, (Nachlass) estate, (Reichtum) wealth, riches, money, substance;
    im Vermögen der toten Hand in mortmain;
    abgesondertes Vermögen (Ehefrau) separate property;
    abgetretenes Vermögen assigned property;
    Ertrag abwerfendes Vermögen income-producing property;
    von der Versicherungsgesellschaft anerkanntes Vermögen net assets;
    in Grundstücken angelegtes Vermögen capital invested in real property;
    in Staatspapieren angelegtes Vermögen funded property;
    in Wertpapieren angelegtes Vermögen property capital, (Kapitalanlagegesellschaft) total investments;
    anmeldepflichtiges Vermögen property to be reported (declared);
    ansehnliches Vermögen sizable property (fortune);
    anständiges Vermögen sizable property;
    ausländisches Vermögen alien (foreign-owned) property, foreign assets (ownership);
    bares Vermögen liquid (cash) assets, stock, pecuniary property;
    beachtliches Vermögen respectable competence;
    hypothekarisch belastbares (verpfändbares) Vermögen mortgageable property;
    belastetes Vermögen encumbered estate;
    bescheidenes Vermögen modest fortune;
    beschlagnahmtes Vermögen confiscated (requisitioned) property;
    vom Feind beschlagnahmtes Vermögen enemy-controlled property;
    zum persönlichen Gebrauch bestimmtes Vermögen personal chattels;
    beträchtliches Vermögen handsome fortune;
    bewegliches Vermögen personal chattels (property), goods and chattels, movables, movable goods (property, estate), personalty;
    bewegliches und unbewegliches Vermögen mixed property;
    blockiertes Vermögen frozen fund, blocked property;
    brachliegendes Vermögen funds lying idle;
    bei einer Bank deponiertes Vermögen property lodged with a bank;
    eheliches Vermögen matrimonial assets;
    eigenes Vermögen own property, independent means;
    eingesetztes Vermögen venture;
    einziehbares Vermögen divestible property;
    elterliches Vermögen patrimony;
    erbschaftssteuerfreies Vermögen free estate, property exempt from estate duty;
    erbschaftssteuerpflichtiges Vermögen property liable to estate duty;
    sofort erbschaftssteuerpflichtiges Vermögen property without the instal(l)ment option;
    ererbtes Vermögen general (estate of) inheritance (US);
    erhebliches Vermögen sizable fortune;
    Ertrag bringendes Vermögen income-producing property;
    zu erwartendes Vermögen fortune in reversion;
    während der Ehe erworbenes Vermögen property acquired during marriage;
    nach der Eheschließung erworbenes Vermögen after-acquired property;
    vom Gemeinschuldner nach Konkurseröffnung erworbenes Vermögen property acquired after adjudication;
    mühsam erworbenes Vermögen hardgot fortune;
    unrechtmäßig erworbenes Vermögen ill-gotten property, property acquired by fraud;
    feindliches Vermögen alien (enemy) property;
    flüssiges Vermögen cash (liquid) property, quick (liquid) assets, money capital;
    forstwirtschaftliches Vermögen commercial woodland;
    freies Vermögen unencumbered assets;
    wohl fundiertes Vermögen well-established fortune;
    das ganze Vermögen all one’s belongings, the whole of one’s property;
    gefährdetes Vermögen impaired fortune;
    gegenwärtiges und zukünftiges Vermögen present and future property;
    gemeinsames Vermögen (Gesellschafter) common (joint) property;
    gepfändetes Vermögen seized assets;
    gerettetes Vermögen salvaged property;
    geringfügiges Vermögen (Steuerformular) unadmitted assets;
    gesamtes Vermögen aggregate property, entire fortune;
    gesperrtes Vermögen blocked property;
    greifbares Vermögen tangible property;
    großes Vermögen ample fortune;
    grundsteuerpflichtiges Vermögen rat(e)able property (Br.);
    hinterlegtes Vermögen bailed property;
    treuhänderisch hinterlegtes sheltering trust (US);
    immaterielles Vermögen intangible property;
    investiertes Vermögen funds invested;
    konkursfreies Vermögen unattachable property (assets), property exempt from distribution in bankruptcy;
    landwirtschaftliches Vermögen agricultural property;
    lastenfreies Vermögen unencumbered assets;
    massefreies Vermögen (Konkursschuldner) distrainable property;
    mütterliches Vermögen maternal property;
    kein nennenswertes Vermögen no property worth mentioning;
    persönliches Vermögen private property (means), (Gemeinschuldner) personal assets, (Gesellschafter) individual assets;
    pfändungsfreies Vermögen exempt (unattachable) property, unattachable (exempt) assets;
    leicht realisierbares Vermögen easily realizable assets;
    nicht realisierbares Vermögen unrealizable property;
    riskiertes Vermögen venture;
    schuldenfreies Vermögen unencumbered estate;
    im Eigentum neutraler Staatsangehöriger stehendes Vermögen neutral property;
    für die Gläubiger [nicht] zur Verfügung stehendes Vermögen [non-]distributable property;
    zur Schuldenbegleichung zur Verfügung stehendes Vermögen property available for payment of debts;
    steuerfreies Vermögen tax-exempt property;
    steuerpflichtiges Vermögen taxable (dutiable) property;
    unangemeldetes Vermögen property not returned (reported);
    unbewegliches Vermögen landed (real, immovable, US) property, immovables, real estate (assets), realty (US), (Bilanz) capital (fixed, permanent) assets;
    der Zusammenveranlagung unterliegendes Vermögen (Einkommensteuer) aggregable property;
    unübersehbares Vermögen fortune impossible to estimate;
    väterliches Vermögen paternal property;
    veranlagungspflichtiges Vermögen taxable property;
    verbleibendes Vermögen remaining property;
    vererbbares (vererbliches) Vermögen assets per descent;
    nicht testamentarisch vermachtes Vermögen property undisposed by will;
    vermögensteuerpflichtiges Vermögen property liable to wealth tax;
    verpfändetes Vermögen pledged property;
    als Sicherheit verpfändetes Vermögen assets pledged as collateral, property charged as security for a debt;
    treuhänderisch verwaltetes Vermögen property held as trustee, trust estate (fund);
    vollstreckungsfreies Vermögen exempt (mace-proof, US) property;
    zinstragendes Vermögen income-producing property;
    zukünftiges Vermögen future[-acquired] property, future estate;
    zwangsverwaltetes Vermögen estate by elegit;
    zweckgebundenes Vermögen restricted property;
    Vermögen einer Aktiengesellschaft corporate assets (US), corporate funds, treasury;
    Vermögen der Arbeitslosenversicherung Unemployment Trust Fund (US);
    Vermögen im Ausland external property, assets held abroad;
    Vermögen einer Bank bank assets;
    Vermögen der Ehefrau wife’s estate, dotal (married woman’s) property;
    persönliches Vermögen des Gemeinschuldners personal assets;
    Vermögen der öffentlichen Hand social capital (wealth);
    Vermögen einer Kommune general revenue fund;
    Vermögen des Konkursschuldners bankrupt’s (bankruptcy) assets;
    Vermögen einer Pensionskasse pension-fund assets;
    Vermögen der Postsparkasse postal savings fund (US);
    Vermögen in Sachform tangible property (assets);
    Vermögen einschließlich der Verbindlichkeiten net assets;
    Vermögen einer testamentarisch errichteten Vermögensverwaltung property in a will trust;
    sein Vermögen angreifen to make a dent in one’s fortune (fam.);
    sein ganzes Vermögen in Grundstücken anlegen to lock up all one’s capital in land;
    sein Vermögen in einem Leibrentenvertrag anlegen to invest one’s money at life interest;
    sein Vermögen in Wertpapieren anlegen to invest one’s money in stock;
    Vermögen einer Pensionskasse in Aktien anderer Gesellschaften anlegen to diversify pension funds into other companies’ shares;
    Vermögen anmelden to declare (report) property;
    Vermögen ansammeln to amass a fortune, to hoard up a treasure;
    sein Vermögen unter seine Erben aufteilen to divide one’s property among one’s heirs;
    sein Vermögen aufzehren to get through one’s fortune, to live on one’s capital;
    Vermögen ausgeben to spend a mint of money;
    für jds. Erziehung (Ausbildung) ein Vermögen ausgeben to give up a fortune for s. one’s education;
    jds. Vermögen beschlagnahmen to seize s. one’s property;
    gesamtes Vermögen beschlagnahmen to levy on the entire property;
    Vermögen besitzen to be a man of means;
    großes Vermögen besitzen to be in possession of a large fortune;
    sein [ganzes] Vermögen für wohltätige (karitative) Zwecke bestimmen to dispose of one’s fortune in (leave one’s fortune to, leave all one’s money to) charity;
    Pfändung in das bewegliche Vermögen wegen nicht bezahlter Pacht betreiben to distrain chattels for non-payment of rent;
    Vermögen [steuerlich] bewerten to assess a property [for taxation];
    Vermögen bilden to create wealth;
    j. um sein Vermögen bringen to trick (cut) s. o. out of his fortune;
    sein Vermögen durchbringen to muddle away with (spend, consume) one’s fortune, to run out a fortune;
    sein Vermögen in die Gütergemeinschaft einbringen to bring one’s property into the communal estate;
    sein Vermögen einsetzen to risk one’s fortune;
    Vermögen erben to succeed to (come into possession of) a fortune, to fall heir to a (into) property, to come into property;
    beträchtliches Vermögen erben to come in for a pretty penny;
    glänzendes Vermögen erben to be heir to a splendid fortune;
    Vermögen steuerlich erfassen to list property for taxation (US);
    großes Vermögen erwerben to acquire (amass) great wealth, to amass great riches;
    sein Vermögen nach dem Kriege erwerben to make one’s fortune after the war;
    zu Vermögen gelangen to come to wealth (into property), to rise to affluence;
    bedeutendes Vermögen haben to have considerable means;
    eigenes Vermögen haben to have a little independence of one’s own;
    kein Vermögen haben to have nothing to depend upon (of one’s own), to have no resources of one’s own;
    sein ganzes Vermögen in Aktien angelegt haben to have all one’s fortune in stocks (US);
    mit seinem ganzen Vermögen haften to be liable without limitation (to the extent of one’s property);
    Vermögen des Konkursschuldners nicht zur Masse heranziehen to disclaim property of a bankrupt;
    großes Vermögen hinterlassen to cut up well (fat);
    seiner Ehefrau sein ganzes Vermögen hinterlassen to settle (leave) all one’s property on one’s wife;
    zu Vermögen kommen to get forward in the world;
    spielend zu einem Vermögen kommen to step into a fortune;
    gut von seinem Vermögen leben können to have plenty to live upon;
    völlig frei über sein Vermögen verfügen können to be entire master of one’s property, to have entire disposal of one’s estate;
    von seinem Vermögen leben to live on prior (one’s private) means;
    Grundlage für ein Vermögen legen to found a fortune;
    Vermögen machen to make (carve out) a fortune;
    aus kleinen Gewinnen ein großes Vermögen machen to raise a great estate out of small profits;
    sein Vermögen flüssig machen to realize one’s property (assets);
    Vermögen für seine privaten Zwecke missbrauchen to funnel funds to one’s own use;
    Vermögen in Besitz nehmen to enter upon property;
    sein Vermögen in einem Unternehmen riskieren to venture one’s fortune in an enterprise;
    Reste seines Vermögens sammeln to collect the wrecks of one’s fortune;
    ohne pfändbares Vermögen sein to be judgment- (mace-, US) proof;
    sein Vermögen aufs Spiel setzen to cast one’s bread upon the waters;
    sein Vermögen als Sicherheit stellen to pledge one’s property;
    jds. Vermögen auf... taxieren to rate s. one’s fortune at...;
    sich von seinem ganzen Vermögen trennen to give up all one’s possessions;
    Vermögen übertragen to assign (alienate, transfer) property, to deed one’s estate;
    Vermögen auf j. übertragen to devolve property upon s. o., to vest property in s. o., to hand over one’s property to s. o.;
    sein Vermögen auf seine Gläubiger übertragen to surrender one’s goods to one’s creditors; sein
    Vermögen auf den Konkursverwalter übertragen to put one’s property under the control of a trustee in bankruptcy;
    sein unbewegliches in bewegliches Vermögen umwandeln to convert one’s realty into personalty;
    Vermögen einer Treuhandverwaltung unterstellen to put property into a trust;
    Vermögen bei einem Geschäft verdienen to make a fortune out of a business;
    über ein großes Vermögen verfügen to have a large capital at hand;
    über kein eigenes Vermögen verfügen to have no resources of one’s own;
    Vermögen vergeuden (verjubeln) to dilapidate (run through) a fortune;
    sich an fremden Vermögen vergreifen to take liberties with another person’s property;
    fast sein ganzes Vermögen verlieren to lose the bulk of one’s goods;
    jem. sein Vermögen vermachen to make over one’s estate to s. o.;
    jem. sein ganzes Vermögen vermachen to bequeath s. o. the whole of one’s estate, to will a fortune upon s. o.;
    sein Vermögen testamentarisch vermachen to transmit one’s property by will;
    sein Vermögen vermehren to enlarge one’s fortune;
    sein Vermögen verprassen (verschleudern) to dissipate one’s fortune, to waste one’s property (substance);
    sein halbes Vermögen verspekulieren to gamble away half one’s wealth;
    sein Vermögen [beim Würfeln] verspielen to gamble (dice) away one’s money (fortune), to spend one’s estate in gaming;
    sein Vermögen unter seine Erben verteilen to divide one’s property among one’s heirs;
    Vermögen verwalten to be in charge of an estate, to administer property;
    jds. Vermögen verwalten to act as trustee for s. one’s property, to take charge of s. one’s property;
    Vermögen treuhänderisch verwalten to hold property on a fiduciary basis;
    sein Vermögen verwetten to spend one’s estate in gaming;
    auf sein Vermögen verzichten to renounce one’s property;
    ins Vermögen vollstrecken to levy execution on the property;
    sein verlorenes Vermögen wiederbekommen to recover one’s fallen fortunes;
    beschlagnahmtes Vermögen zurückgeben to restore confiscated property;
    Vermögen zusammenscharren to rake together wealth;
    zu versteuerndes Vermögen zusammenstellen to list assets (US).

    Business german-english dictionary > Vermögen

  • 11 manus

        manus ūs (dat. manu, Pr.), f    [2 MA-], a hand: puerum in manibus gestare, T.: Vinxerat post terga manūs, V.: Caelo si tuleris manūs, H.: vas in manūs sumere: de manibus deponere, lay down: unde manum continuit? refrained, H.: hominem tibi trado de manu, ut aiunt, in manum, i. e. with great care: manum ferulae subduximus, i. e. outgrew the rod, Iu.: plenā manu, liberally: (Sextius) per manūs tractus servatur, i. e. by careful nursing, Cs.: per manūs servulae, by the assistance: traditae per manūs religiones, from hand to hand, L.: magna Iovis, might, H.: mihi veritas manum inicit, arrests.—The hand, as a symbol of nearness: ut iam in manibus nostris hostes viderentur, close upon us, Cs.: In manibus Mars ipse, at hand, V.: proelium in manibus facere, at close quarters, S.: res ad manūs vocabatur: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, within reach, L.: servum habuit ad manum, as private secretary: aliquid paulum prae manu Dare, ready money, T.: est in manibus oratio, accessible: inter manūs sunt omnia vestras, plain and palpable, V.: iudicia mortis manu tenere, palpable proofs: manūs inter parentem Ecce, etc., close to, V.—As a symbol of occupation: habeo opus magnum in manibus, am engaged on: Naevius in manibus non est, is not read, H.: sic in manibus (inimicum) habebant, paid attentions to: agger inter manūs proferebatur, by manual labor, Cs.: inter manūs e convivio auferri, i. e. bodily: (epistulae) tuā manu, by your hand: manu sata, artificially, Cs.—As a symbol of control: Uxor quid faciat, in manu non est meā, under my control, T.: id frustra an ob rem faciam, in manu vostrā situm est, rests with you, S.: neque mihi in manu fuit, Iugurtha qualis foret, I could not determine, S.: (feminas) in manu esse parentium, virorum, subject, L.: hostem ex manibus dimitti, suffered to escape, Cs.: dum occasio in manibus esset, while they had the opportunity, L.: inimicorum in manibus mortuus est.— As a symbol of force: manibus pedibusque omnia Facturus, with might and main, T.: per manūs libertatem retinere, forcibly, S.: aequā manu discedere, a drawn battle, S.: Erymanta manu sternit, a blow, V.: ne manum quidem versuri, turn a hand: cum hoste manūs conserere, try conclusions, L.: manum committere Teucris, fight, V.: manu fortis, brave in battle, N.: urbīs manu ceperat, by force, S.: oppida capta manu, stormed, V.: Ipse manu mortem inveniam, by suicide, V.: usu manuque opinionem fallere, actual fight, Cs.: plura manu agens, compulsion, Ta.: dare manūs, give himself up, Cs.: manūs dedisse, yielded: neque ipse manūs feritate dedisset, consented, V.: manūs ad Caesarem tendere, i. e. to supplicate, Cs.: tendit ad vos virgo manūs.—As a symbol of skill: manus extrema non accessit operibus eius, finish: manus ultima coeptis Inposita, O.: Quale manūs addunt ebori decus, skilled hands, V.—Prov.: manum de tabulā, i. e. the work is finished.—A hand, handwriting, style, work, workmanship: librarii: manum suam cognovit: Artificum manūs inter se Miratur, the comparative skill, V.— A side (cf. pars): Est ad hanc manum sacellum, T.: a laevā conspicienda manu, O.—Of animals, a hand, trunk, claw: manus etiam data elephanto: uncae manūs, claws (of the Harpies), V.—In the phrase, ferreae manūs, grappling-hooks, grappling-irons: manūs ferreas atque harpagones paraverant, Cs.: in hostium navīs ferreas manūs inicere, L.— A body, band, company, host, collection, troop, corps: nova, Cs.: parva, S.: cum manu haudquaquam contemnendā, force, L.: Dolopum, V.: manum facere, copias parare: coniuratorum: bicorpor, i. e. the Centaurs: servilis, H.— Plur, labor, hands, workmen: nos aera, manūs, navalia demus, V.
    * * *
    hand, fist; team; gang, band of soldiers; handwriting; (elephant's) trunk

    Latin-English dictionary > manus

  • 12 Geld

    Geld n 1. BANK, BÖRSE buyer’s rate (Geldkurs, Börsenkurs); 2. FIN, GEN, WIWI (infrml) bread, (infrml) dough, (BE) (infrml) dosh, money, (AE) (infrml) wampum am Geld BÖRSE at the money (Optionen) aus dem Geld BÖRSE out of the money (Optionen) etw. für sein Geld bekommen WIWI get good value for money Geld abführen STEUER pay over, transfer Geld anlegen GEN invest money, put money down Geld auf Abruf BANK, FIN money at call Geld auf eine Hypothek aufnehmen GEN raise money on a mortgage Geld auf etw. aufnehmen GEN raise money on sth Geld aufnehmen BANK borrow funds, borrow money Geld ausgeben GEN spend Geld großzügiger ausgeben FIN loosen one’s belt Geld investieren FIN invest money, put money down Geld leihen 1. FIN lend money; 2. BANK borrow money Geld scheffeln GEN (infrml) rake it in Geld sparen BANK save Geld spielt keine Rolle GEN money is no object Geld von jmdm. borgen GEN borrow money from sb Geld von jmdm. leihen GEN borrow money from sb Geld vorübergehend anlegen BÖRSE park money Geld wie Heu haben GEN (infrml) have money to burn im Geld BÖRSE in the money (Optionen) im Geld schwimmen GEN (infrml) awash with cash (richtig) Geld in die Hand nehmen GEN (infrml) (really) go to great expense um Geld ersuchen GEN appeal for funds zu Geld kommen GEN come into money
    * * *
    n 1. < Börse> buyer's rate; 2. <Finanz, Geschäft, Vw> bread infrml, dough infrml, dosh infrml (BE), money, wampum infrml (AE) ■ am Geld < Börse> Optionen at the money ■ aus dem Geld < Börse> out of the money (Optionen) ■ etw. für sein Geld bekommen <Vw> get good value for money ■ Geld abführen < Steuer> pay over, transfer ■ Geld anlegen < Geschäft> invest money, put money down ■ Geld auf Abruf <Bank, Finanz> money at call ■ Geld auf eine Hypothek aufnehmen < Geschäft> raise money on a mortgage ■ Geld auf etw. aufnehmen < Geschäft> raise money on sth ■ Geld aufnehmen < Bank> borrow funds, borrow money ■ Geld ausgeben < Geschäft> spend ■ Geld großzügiger ausgeben < Finanz> loosen one's belt ■ Geld investieren < Finanz> invest money, put money down ■ Geld leihen 1. < Finanz> lend money; 2. < Bank> borrow money ■ Geld scheffeln infrml < Geschäft> rake it in infrml ■ Geld sparen < Bank> save ■ Geld spielt keine Rolle < Geschäft> money is no object ■ Geld von jmdm. borgen < Geschäft> borrow money from sb ■ Geld von jmdm. leihen < Geschäft> borrow money from sb ■ Geld vorübergehend anlegen < Börse> park money ■ Geld wie Heu haben infrml < Geschäft> have money to burn infrml ■ im Geld < Börse> in the money (Optionen) ■ im Geld schwimmen infrml < Geschäft> awash with cash infrml ■ um Geld ersuchen < Geschäft> appeal for funds ■ zu Geld kommen infrml < Geschäft> come into money
    * * *
    Geld
    money, furniture of one’s pocket (coll.), gold, dimes, scales (US), (Bargeld) cash, (Börse) buyers, bid, prices negotiated, (Hartgeld) coin, (Kleingeld) small change, (Papiergeld) paper money (currency, notes), (Wechselgeld) change;
    für Geld mercenarily;
    gegen bares Geld for cash;
    hinter dem Geld her on the make (pitch, sl.);
    in Geld ausgedrückt in cash terms;
    in gutem Geld in good money;
    keinen Pfennig Geld not a shot in the locker;
    knapp an Geld low in cash, short of money;
    nur mit wenig Geld versehen scant of money;
    mit Geld wohl versehen moneyed, flush of money;
    ohne Geld moneyless, out of funds, without means, hard up for money;
    ohne jedes Geld out of cash, penniless, broke (sl.);
    so gut wie bares Geld as good as (equal to) cash;
    viel Geld verschlingend money-guzzling;
    Gelder means, sums of money, funds, purse;
    abgenutztes Geld worn currency;
    angelegtes Geld money put up, funds (money) invested, investment;
    fest angelegtes Geld tied-up (locked-up, Br.) money, lockup (Br.);
    mit Kündigungsfrist angelegtes Geld term (time, US) deposit;
    langfristig angelegte Gelder long-term (funded) capital;
    nicht angelegtes Geld unemployed money;
    sicher angelegtes Geld money safely invested;
    auf einem Sparkonto angelegtes Geld money on deposit account;
    anvertrautes Geld consigned (trust) money, money held on trust, trust fund;
    aufgebrauchtes Geld spent money;
    aufgenommene Gelder borrowed funds, borrowings, debts, accounts payable (US);
    aufgewandte Gelder money employed;
    in den Ferien ausgegebenes Geld holiday expenses;
    ausgeliehenes Geld money lent;
    an Kunden ausgeliehene Gelder (Bilanz) advances against customers;
    ausgezahltes Geld cash disbursements;
    ausstehendes Geld money due, outstanding money, outstandings;
    ausstehende Gelder outstanding debts, outs, accounts receivable (US);
    bares Geld [spot] cash, present (dry, ready, cash, US) money, ready coin (cash), specie, money down (sl.);
    auf dem Transport (unterwegs) befindliches Geld bullion in transit, money in the post (Br.) (mail, US);
    befristete Gelder tied-up funds, lockup (Br.) time deposits (US);
    benötigte Gelder necessary funds;
    bereitliegendes Geld cash in hand;
    vom Parlament bewilligte Gelder money provided by Parliament (Br.);
    billiges Geld cheap (light, easy[-terms]) money;
    ein bisschen Geld a little money;
    brachliegendes Geld dead money, money paying no interest (lying idle);
    brachliegende Gelder idle funds;
    durchlaufende Gelder cash in transit;
    eigenes Geld own money;
    eingeforene Gelder blocked funds, frozen money;
    eingegangene Gelder [cash] receipts, takings;
    eingehende Gelder money pouring (coming) in, receipt of money, receipts, takings;
    eingesammeltes Geld purse;
    mittels Zwangsvollstreckung eingetriebenes Geld money made;
    eingezahltes Geld deposit;
    einlaufende Geld receipts;
    einzelnes Geld loose change (money);
    erspartes Geld money put aside;
    erspartes (erübrigtes) Geld savings, spare money;
    fakultatives Geld facultative money;
    täglich fälliges Geld money at (on) call, money at short notice (Br.), call (day-to-day) money (Br.), money on current account, sight (demand, US) deposit;
    falsches Geld counterfeit coin (money), bad (Br.) (bogus, base, Br.) money;
    festes Geld time loan (US) (money), deposit account (US), fixed (time) deposit (US);
    festgelegte (festliegende) Gelder tied-up funds, immobilized money, lockup (Br.), time deposits (US);
    flüssige Gelder available capital (funds), funds in hand, disposable funds, ready money, liquid funds (assets), cash, liquid resources, spare capital;
    fremde Gelder trust money, (Bankbilanz) funds from outside sources, third-party funds, deposit by customers;
    gangbares Geld current (good) money;
    mein ganzes Geld the whole of my money;
    gefälschtes Geld counterfeit coin (money), counterfeits, bad (base, Br.) money;
    gefundenes Geld windfall;
    gehortetes Geld inactive money;
    geliehenes Geld borrowed money;
    gepumptes Geld touch (sl.);
    aus dem Verkehr (Umlauf) gezogenes Geld money withdrawn from circulation;
    hartes Geld hard currency, coin[ed] money, hard (US) (solid) cash, specie;
    heißes Geld hot money, refugee capital;
    herausgegebenes Geld change, small coin;
    hinausgeworfenes Geld money down the drain, wasted money;
    hinterlegtes Geld trust money;
    gerichtlich hinterlegtes Geld cash under the control of the (money in) court;
    investiertes Geld capital invested;
    irreguläres Geld non-standard money;
    konvertierbares Geld convertible money;
    frei konvertierbares Geld hard money;
    täglich kündbares Geld money at call, call (day-to-day) money (Br.), demand deposits (US);
    kursierendes Geld current money;
    kurzfristig kündbare (kurzfristige) Gelder money on (at) short notice, demand deposits (US), short-term loans (US);
    langfristige Gelder time money (loan, deposit, US), call (long-term, US) money, street (long-term, demand, US) loans, deposit accounts (US);
    leichteres Geld easier money;
    ungeheure Menge Geld enormous amount of money;
    mündelsichere Gelder trustee investment (Br.), trust fund (US);
    nachbewilligte Gelder additional funds;
    öffentliche Gelder public monies (funds, Br.), the public purse;
    originäres Geld primary money;
    gerade passendes Geld even money;
    privates Geld private funds;
    restliches (überzähliges) Geld odd money;
    schlechtes Geld counterfeit money, base coin;
    schwarzes Geld black money;
    stillgelegtes Geld tied- (locked-, Br.) up money, lock-up (Br.);
    stillgelegte Gelder non-earning reserve;
    tägliches Geld demand loan (deposit, money) (US), sight deposit, call loan (money, Br.), overnight credit, day-to-day money (Br.);
    teures Geld dear (close, tight, high, US) money;
    überschüssiges Geld surplus money;
    postalisch überwiesenes Geld postal money;
    telegrafisch überwiesenes Geld telegraphic money;
    überzähliges Geld overpayment, payment in excess;
    übriges Geld spare cash;
    mein übriges Geld the rest of my money;
    umlaufendes Geld current (effective) money, currency;
    ungültiges Geld money that is no longer current;
    unverzinsliche Gelder dormant funds;
    im Drogenhandel verdientes Geld drug money;
    leicht verdientes Geld easy money, money easily earned, money for jam (Br. sl.) (for old rope, sl.), soft (sl.);
    sauer (schwer, mühsam) verdientes Geld hard earnings, hard-earned money, tough buck (sl.);
    schnell verdientes Geld fast buck (US sl.), turkey (sl.);
    vereinnahmtes und verausgabtes Geld money received and expended;
    jederzeit verfügbare Gelder money on hand, floating money, disposable funds;
    tatsächlich verfügbares Geld effective money supply;
    von einer Bank verwaltete Gelder banker’s (bank) funds;
    treuhänderisch verwaltetes (verwahrtes) Geld trustee investment (Br.), trust funds;
    viel Geld plenty (good deal) of money;
    sehr viel Geld no end of money;
    vollwertiges Geld sterling money;
    weggeworfenes Geld money thrown away;
    wertbeständiges Geld store-of-value money;
    restlos zurückgezahltes Geld money refunded in full;
    Geld auf Abruf (auf tägliche Kündigung) call loan (money, Br.), day-to-day loan (money) (Br.), street (demand, US) loan, money at call;
    Brief und Geld (Börse) bills and money, bid and asked, bids and offers, sellers and buyers;
    mehr Geld als Brief (Kursbericht) more buyers than sellers, buyer’s market (over, Br.);
    Geld wie Heu (Mist) oodles of money;
    Geld in der Ladenkasse till money;
    Gelder mit Laufzeit time deposits;
    Geld und sofort fällige Staatsbankguthaben treasury cash;
    Geld der Steuerzahler taxpayers’ money;
    Geld in der Tasche shot in the locker (coll.);
    Geld mit gleich bleibendem Wert stable money;
    Geld auf eine Woche weekly fixtures;
    Geld mit Zwangskurs legal tender, lawful money (US);
    Geld-aus-der-Tasche-ziehen shakedown (US sl.);
    Geld sparend money-saving;
    Geld verdienend money-making;
    Geld abheben to [with]draw money;
    Geld von der Bank (seinem Bankkonto) abheben to draw money from the bank;
    Geld mittels Scheck abheben to check out (US);
    jem. Geld abknöpfen to stint s. o. of money, to squeeze money out of s. o.;
    jem. sein Geld bis zum letzten Heller abnehmen to fleece s. o. of every halfpenny;
    Geld abzweigen to divert money;
    jem. Geld anbieten to offer s. o. money;
    j. um Geld angehen to draw on s. o. for money;
    j. fortlaufend um Geld angehen to keep at s. o. with appeals for money;
    j. um Geld anhauen to touch s. o. for s. th. (sl.);
    Geld anlegen to embark money, to put money out, to invest funds, to make an investment;
    sein Geld in Aktien anlegen to invest one’s money in stocks and shares;
    sein ganzes Geld in Büchern anlegen to spend a small fortune on books;
    sein Geld falsch anlegen to misemploy one’s money;
    Geld fest anlegen to place money on deposit;
    sein Geld in Grundstücken anlegen to invest one’s money (make investments) in real estate;
    sein Geld gut anlegen to invest one’s money to good account, to get good value for one’s money (coll.);
    Geld im Hausbesitz anlegen to put money into houses;
    sein Geld klug anlegen to bestow one’s money wisely;
    sein Geld nutzbringend anlegen to lay out one’s money profitably;
    sein Geld in mündelsicheren Papieren anlegen to invest one’s money in a safe stock;
    Geld in Rentenwerten anlegen to sink money in an annuity;
    sein Geld schlecht anlegen to make bad use of one’s money;
    Geld auf Sparkonten anlegen to place money in savings accounts;
    Geld spekulativ anlegen to venture money in a speculation;
    Geld in Staatsanleihen (Staatspapieren) anlegen to fund (Br.);
    Geld vernünftig anlegen to put money to good use;
    Geld verzinslich anlegen to put one’s money out at interest;
    sein Geld vorteilhaft anlegen to lay out one’s money to advantage;
    Geld zinsbringend anlegen to place money on interest;
    um Geld anpumpen to touch (pump) for money (sl.);
    sein Geld einer Bank anvertrauen to give money to the bank for safe-keeping;
    Geld anweisen to remit money;
    Geld aufbringen to put up funds, to put up (borrow, raise, take up) money, to raise cash, to finance;
    Geld für ein Unternehmen aufbringen to put up the money for an undertaking;
    Geld durch Zeichnung aufbringen to raise funds by subscriptions;
    Geld aufnehmen to borrow (raise, take up) money, to take the rate;
    Geld auf ein Grundstück aufnehmen to raise money on an estate;
    Geld gegen hypothekarische Sicherheiten aufnehmen to borrow on a mortgage;
    Geld gegen Verpfändung der Anlagenwerte aufnehmen to raise money on the security of the assets;
    Geld auftreiben to raise (scare up, US coll.) money, to raise cash, to finance;
    Geld für ein Unternehmen auftreiben to find the money for an undertaking, to finance an institution;
    Geld für j. aufwenden to spend money on s. o.;
    Geld aufzählen to count up money;
    Geld ausgeben to lay out (spend) money;
    sein ganzes Geld ausgeben to go through all one’s money;
    eine Menge Geld ausgeben to spend lots of money;
    scheffelweise Geld ausgeben to squander away money, to be off on a spending spree, to spend money like water;
    verschwenderisch Geld ausgeben to spend lavishly;
    wenig Geld für sein Auto ausgeben to run a car at small cost;
    öffentliche Gelder bestimmungsgemäß ausgeben to use public money only for legitimate purposes;
    viel Geld für Bücher ausgeben to spend a small fortune on books;
    Geld falsch ausgeben to misspend money;
    Geld mit vollen Händen (hemmungslos) ausgeben to go the paces, to be on a big spending binge, to be off on a spending spree, to make the money fly, to spend money with both hands (without stint, like water);
    Geld leicht ausgeben to spend money with a free hand;
    sein Geld für nichts und wieder nichts ausgeben to throw away one’s money for nothing;
    Geld spekulativ ausgeben to venture money in speculation;
    sein Geld umsonst ausgeben to spend one’s money for no purpose;
    viel Geld für Werbung ausgeben to advertise in a big way;
    jem. mit Geld aushelfen to aid s. o. with money;
    mit seinem Geld auskommen to live within one’s means;
    mit wenig Geld auskommen to live on little money;
    Geld ausleihen to lend money, to put money out to loan;
    Geld auf Bodmerei ausleihen to lend money on bottomry;
    Geld gegen Sicherheiten ausleihen to lend money on security;
    Geld auf Zinsen ausleihen to put out money (borrow) at interest, to place money on interest;
    Geld zinsfrei ausleihen to lend money free of interest;
    Geld ausspucken to spill money (fam.);
    jem. gegen Vorlage seines Personalausweises Geld auszahlen to pay s. o. a sum upon submission of proof of identity;
    sich um Geld balgen to scramble for money;
    restliches Geld behalten to keep the odd money;
    Teil des Geldes behalten to retain part of the money;
    Geld beiseiteschaffen to finance money away;
    für sein Geld etw. [Gleichwertiges] bekommen to get one’s money’s-worth;
    etw. für sein Geld geboten bekommen to have a run for one’s money;
    von jem. keinen Pfennig Geld bekommen not to see the colo(u)r of s. one’s money;
    Verfügungsgewalt über sein Geld bekommen to come into one’s own money;
    Geld abgezählt bereithalten no change given;
    Geld bereitstellen to finance;
    öffentliche Gelder bereitstellen to make the necessary public funds available;
    Geld beschaffen to furnish (procure) money, to provide funds;
    das erforderliche Geld beschaffen (auftreiben) to find the money;
    jem. Geld besorgen to provide s. o. with money;
    aus lauter Geld bestehen to be made of money;
    j. um sein ganzes Geld betrügen to fleece s. o. of (jockey, do s. o. out of) all his money;
    Geld bewilligen to grant money, (parl.) to vote supplies (funds);
    jem. für sein Geld etw. bieten to give s. o. a run for his money;
    j. eilig um Geld bitten to rush s. o. for money;
    j. um sein Geld bringen to relieve s. o. of his money;
    j. um sein ganzes Geld bringen to bilk s. o. out of his money;
    das große Geld bringen to bring in big money;
    Geld unter die Leute bringen to put money into circulation;
    Geld in Verkehr bringen to pass the coin;
    Geld bei einer Bank deponieren to deposit money with a bank;
    Geld durchbringen to waste money;
    Geld einfordern to demand payment;
    Geld einkassieren to pocket cash;
    Geld einnehmen to receive money;
    Geld einschießen to give in, to put into, to contribute capital;
    Geld in den Wirtschaftskreislauf einschleusen to pump money into the economic system;
    mit Geld einspringen to chip in (US);
    Geld einstecken (einstreichen) to pocket money;
    sich sein Geld sehr genau einteilen to make a penny go a long way;
    Geld eintreiben to enforce payment, to recover a debt;
    Geld bei einer Bank einzahlen to put money in[to] (deposit money with) a bank;
    Geld auf ein Konto einzahlen to pay money into an account;
    schlechtes Geld einziehen to call in coins;
    seine Gelder einziehen to call in one’s money;
    Geld durch Zahlkarte überwiesen erhalten to be paid out in cash by the postman;
    Geld erheben to raise money;
    Geld auf betrügerische Weise erlangen to get money by fraud;
    j. um sein Geld erleichtern to part s. o. from his money;
    Geld erpressen to ramp (Br. sl.);
    gestohlenes Geld ersetzen to replace stolen money;
    im Geld ersticken to be rolling in money;
    aus öffentlichen Geldern fördern to subsidize;
    gesperrte Gelder freigeben to release funds;
    Geld auf Bodmerei geben to advance money on bottomry;
    ins Geld gehen to run into money (coll.);
    erheblich ins Geld gehen to run into large amounts;
    mit seinem Geld geizen to be very near with one’s money;
    Geld haben to be worth money (in stock, in cash);
    dicke Gelder haben to have a fat income;
    eigenes Geld haben to have money of one’s own;
    genügend Geld haben to have money in sufficiency;
    nicht genügend Geld haben to feel the need of money;
    haufenweise Geld (Geld wie Heu, Mist) haben to have scads (lots, coll., piles, coll.) of money, to be simply coining money, to have money to burn, to have money galore;
    kaum Geld haben to be hard up [for money];
    kein (Mangel an) Geld haben to get aground, to be short of stuff (pressed for funds);
    massenhaft Geld haben to have loads (scads, US) of money;
    scheffelweise Geld haben to have lots of money (coll.);
    Taschen voller Geld haben to have one’s pockets full of money;
    Unmenge Geld (unermessliche Geld er) haben to have lots (a pot) of money;
    viel Geld haben to have a large income;
    sehr wenig Geld haben to have very little money;
    für sein Geld etw. haben to have a run for one’s money;
    Geld bei sich haben to have (carry) money on one;
    kein Geld bei sich haben not to have any money on one, to have no cash on o. s.;
    sein Geld gut angelegt haben to get good value for one’s money;
    Geld in Staatspapieren angelegt haben to have money in the funds (Br.);
    Geld ausstehen haben to have money owing;
    Geld auf der Bank haben to have funds with (money in) a bank;
    genügend Geld zum Bauen haben to have ample means for building;
    etw. Geld beiseite gelegt haben to have a little money in reserve;
    schönes Stück Geld gespart haben to have saved a nice bit of money;
    Geld in der Kasse haben to have cash in hand;
    Geld bei jem. stehen haben to have money lodged with s. o.;
    Geld bei einer Bank stehen haben to keep money at a bank;
    Geld im Überfluss haben to have scads (lots, piles) of money, to have money to burn;
    Geld zur Verfügung haben to have money at one’s disposal;
    viel Geld zur Verfügung haben to have a big bankroll;
    so viel Geld zur Verfügung haben to have so much money in hand;
    Geld zurückgelegt haben to have money laid aside (put by);
    Geld zu jds. Verfügung halten to hold money to s. one’s order;
    am Geld hängen to be a slave to money;
    nach Geld heiraten to marry money;
    Geld herausbekommen to get change;
    Geld herausgeben to give change;
    Geld aus jem. herausholen to get money out of s. o.;
    Geld aus jem. herauskitzeln (herauslocken) to elicit (entice, worm) money out of s. o.;
    Geld aus jem. herauspressen to wring money out of s. o.;
    Geld herausrücken to part with one’s money, to fork out, to cough up (sl.);
    Geld bei jem. herausschinden to extract money from s. o.;
    Geld aus etw. herausschlagen to make money out of s. th.;
    Geld zum Fenster herauswerfen to throw money down the drain;
    Geld aus einem Geschäft herausziehen to withdraw money from a business;
    Geld herbeischaffen to raise money;
    sein ganzes Geld hergeben to part with all one’s money;
    mit seinem Geld nur so herumschmeißen to play ducks and drakes with one’s money;
    Satz für tägliches Geld hinaufsetzen to mark up call money (US);
    sein Geld mit beiden Händen zum Fenster hinauswerfen to throw money down the drain;
    Geld hineinstecken to embark money;
    Geld bei jem. hinterlegen to lodge (deposit) money with s. o.;
    Geld bei einer Bank hinterlegen to place money on deposit with a bank;
    Geld bei Gericht hinterlegen to bring money into the court;
    Geld horten to hoard money;
    Geld investieren to invest capital;
    Geld in Häusern investieren to put money into houses;
    für billiges Geld kaufen to buy at a moderate price;
    mit Geld klimpern to chink;
    mit dem Geld knausern to stint money;
    um sein Geld kommen to lose one’s money;
    plötzlich zu Geld kommen to strike a lead (it rich);
    plötzlich zu viel Geld kommen to come into the big money;
    schnell zu Geld kommen to make a quick buck (sl.);
    schwer Geld auftreiben können to be hard set to find money;
    sich von seinem Geld schwer trennen können not to like to part with one’s money;
    nicht mit Geld umgehen können not to know how to handle money;
    Geld kosten to require money;
    Haufen Geld kosten to cost a packet of money;
    heilloses Geld kosten to cost an unholy amount of money;
    schweres Geld kosten to cost a great deal of money, to cost a lot (pot) of money;
    j. schweres Geld kosten to be a heavy burden on s. o.;
    anständige Stange (schönes Stück) Geld kosten (fam.) to run to (cost) a pretty penny, to come to a deal of money;
    sein Geld arbeiten lassen to put one’s money out at interest;
    sein Geld nicht arbeiten lassen to let one’s money lie idle;
    j. um sein Geld betteln lassen to let s. o. whistle for his money;
    Geld springen lassen to bleed well (sl.);
    sehr ins Geld laufen to run into very large sums;
    von seinem Geld leben to live on one’s capital;
    Geld auf die Bank legen to put money in[to] a bank;
    Geld auf die hohe Kante legen to put money by;
    Geld auf den Tisch legen to put down the money (fam.);
    Geld leihen (jem.) to loan (lend) money, (von jem.) to borrow [money];
    sein Geld loswerden to get rid of one’s money, to drop money (US sl.);
    Geld machen to make money;
    zu Geld machen to convert (turn) into cash, to turn (run) into money, to coin;
    Geld flüssig machen to ease money free;
    Geld locker machen to spring money (Br. coll.);
    aus seinem Geld mehr machen to manage one’s money more effectively;
    Geld nachschießen to pay an additional amount (sum);
    gutes Geld schlechtem Geld nachwerfen (hinterherwerfen) to throw good money after bad (coll.);
    herausgegebenes Geld nachzählen to count one’s change;
    Geld aus der Ladenkasse nehmen to take money from the till;
    bei Freunden hemmungslos Geld pumpen to feel no qualms about borrowing money from friends;
    Geld reinbuttern to kick in (sl.);
    Geld zu einem bestimmten Zweck sammeln to make up a purse;
    Geld für wohltätige Zwecke sammeln to canvass on (Br.) (in, US) behalf of charity;
    Geld auf die Seite schaffen to finance money away;
    Geld scheffeln to coin (coll.) (scoop up) money, to be simply coining money (Br.);
    monatlich Geld nach Hause schicken to remit money home each month;
    mit dem Geld nur so um sich schmeißen to scatter money broadcast, to fling one’s money about, to blow one’s money (sl.);
    [sein] Geld aus dem Fenster schmeißen to fling one’s money out of the window, to throw money down the drain;
    Geld schöpfen to create money;
    Geld schulden to owe money;
    viel Geld schulden to be involved in debts;
    im Geld [nur so] schwimmen to be rolling in cash (money, wealth, coll.), to bucket money, to have loads of money;
    bei Geld sein to be flush of money (in funds), to be in cash (the chips, sl.);
    knapp bei Gelde sein to be hard up (in low water), to be short of money;
    nicht bei Geld sein to be out of cash (funds);
    scharf aufs Geld aus sein to be keen on money making;
    völlig ohne Geld sein to be penniless (broke);
    aufs Geld aus sein to be after (out for) money, to be on the make (sl.);
    nicht mit Geld zu bezahlen sein to be worth its weight in gold;
    mit Geld freigebig sein to be open-handed with money;
    mit Geld reichlich (wohl) versehen sein to have a well-lined purse, to be flush of money;
    Geld sparen to save money;
    um Geld spielen to play for money, to game;
    Geld in ein Geschäft stecken to put capital into a business;
    sein Geld ins Geschäft stecken to lock up one’s cash in one’s trade;
    sein ganzes Geld ins Geschäft stecken to sink all one’s money in the concern;
    enorm viel Geld in sein Geschäft stecken to spend a fortune over one’s business;
    Geld aus der Ladekasse stehlen to abstract money from a till;
    Geld für ein Unternehmen zur Verfügung stellen to put up money for an undertaking;
    nach Geld stinken to stink of money (sl.);
    sich Geld in die Taschen stopfen to shove money into one’s pocket;
    viel Geld zu verdienen suchen to go in for money;
    sein letztes Geld mit jem. teilen to share one’s last crust with s. o.;
    Geld zur Sparkasse tragen to put money into the savings bank;
    Geld unmittelbar übergeben to hand over the money direct;
    Geld überweisen to transmit (transfer) money;
    jem. Geld überweisen to put s. o. in cash, to send s. o. a remittance;
    telegrafisch Geld überweisen to transfer money by cable;
    großzügig mit fremden Geld umgehen to be generous with other people’s property;
    leichtsinnig mit Vaters Geld umgehen to play fast and loose with father’s money;
    sorglos mit seinem Geld umgehen to be very flush with one’s money;
    sparsam mit seinem Geld umgehen to husband one’s money
    [fremdes] Geld umrechnen to reduce money;
    in [bares] Geld umsetzen to turn into money (cash), to realize;
    sein Geld dreimal jährlich umsetzen to turn one’s money three times a year;
    Geld ohne zusätzliche Gebühren gegen die landesübliche Währung umtauschen to change the currency without having to pay an extra charge;
    falsches Geld unterbringen to fob off false coin;
    Geld unterschlagen to convert money to one’s own use;
    öffentliche Gelder unterschlagen (veruntreuen) to misappropriate public funds, to misapply public money;
    j. mit Geld unterstützen to assist s. o. with money;
    Geld verauslagen to disburse money;
    Geld verdienen to make money;
    Haufen Geld verdienen to make stacks of money;
    schweres Geld verdienen to earn big (heavy) money, to line one’s pocket, to make money hand over fist;
    schöne Stange Geld verdienen to make piles of money;
    an einer Sache ein schönes Stück Geld verdienen to make a pretty penny out of s. th.;
    viel Geld verdienen to earn big money, to have a large income, to do well;
    enorm viel Geld verdienen to be simply coining money;
    auf einen Schlag viel Geld verdienen to earn a lot of money in one scoop;
    sein Geld auf anständige Art und Weise (ehrlich) verdienen to turn an honest penny;
    Geld wie Heu (Mist) verdienen to be simply coining money, to make money hand over fist;
    Geld vereinnahmen to receive money;
    Geld vergeuden to trifle away one’s money;
    schrankenlos Geld verleihen to lend money without limits;
    Geld bei etw. verlieren to lose money on s. th;
    bei etw. sehr viel Geld verlieren to drop a lot of money;
    jem. sein ganzes Geld vermachen to leave one’s money to s. o.;
    sein Geld verplempern to muddle away one’s money;
    Geld verpulvern to blow money (sl.);
    sich Geld verschaffen to procure money;
    sich Geld durch Betrug verschaffen to obtain money by fraud;
    sich das nötige Geld verschaffen to raise the wind (fam.);
    sein Geld verschleudern to make pots and pans of one’s property, to throw one’s money about;
    viel Geld verschlingen to cost a mint of money;
    j. mit Geld versehen to keep s. o. in money, to supply s. o. with funds, to finance s. o.;
    sein Geld verspekulieren to finance one’s money away (US);
    Geld gleichmäßig verteilen to divide money equally;
    sein Geld gut verwenden to make good use of one’s money;
    jem. sein Geld vorenthalten to keep s. o. out of money;
    Geld vorschießen (vorstrecken) to advance money;
    Geld für einen Hausbau vorsehen to destine money to build a house;
    jem. Geld vorzählen to count money before s. o.;
    ausländisches Geld wechseln to change foreign currency;
    von allen Leuten (Seiten) um Geld angegangen werden to be pressed for money from all quarters;
    mit Geld nur so um sich werfen to fling one’s money about, to throw money about like dirt;
    sein Geld auf die Straße werfen to throw money down the drain;
    sein Geld nicht wiederbekommen to be put out of pocket;
    für sein Geld etw. haben wollen to want one’s money’s-worth;
    im Gelde wühlen to be wallowing (rolling) in money;
    in barem Geld zahlen to pay in cash;
    in deutschem Geld zahlen to pay in German money;
    sein Geld zählen to tell one’s money (US);
    jem. Geld aus der Tasche ziehen to relieve s. o. of his money, to shake s. o. down (US sl.);
    Geld seiner Zweckbestimmung zuführen to appropriate money;
    sein Geld zurückbekommen to recover (get back) one’s money;
    Geld an den Eigentümer zurückgeben to restore (refund) money to the owner;
    zu viel gezahltes Geld zurückgeben to return an overpaid amount;
    schönes Stück Geld zurücklegen to put a good deal of money aside;
    Geld für unvorhergesehene Ereignisse zurücklegen to reserve money for unforeseen contingencies, to put aside for a rainy day;
    sein Geld zurückverlangen to want [to get] one’s money back;
    sein Geld zusammenhalten to take care of one’s money;
    Geld zusammenkratzen to scrape up a sum of money, to scratch together, to scramble up money;
    ein bisschen Geld zusammenkratzen to rake together a little money;
    Geld zusammenscharren to scramble up money;
    sein Geld zusammenwerfen to pool one’s resources;
    Geld zuschießen to contribute money;
    Gelder zweckbestimmen to earmark funds;
    Gelder zweckentfremden (anderen als den vorhergesehenen Zwecken zuführen) to alienate funds from their proper destination;
    Geld gesucht (Kurszettel) wanted, inquired matter;
    ohne Geld geht nichts money talks;
    damit kann man viel Geld verdienen there is money in it;
    Geld spielt keine Rolle, auf Geld wird nicht gesehen (Anzeige) money is no object;
    Geldabfindung monetary indemnity, pecuniary compensation (satisfaction), cash settlement;
    Geldabfluss drain of money, efflux of funds;
    Geldabfluss zu einer Flut anschwellen lassen to turn the outflow of money into a flood;
    Geldabhebung draft [of money], withdrawal of [a sum of] money, drawing, cashing;
    Geldabschöpfung absorption of purchasing power;
    kreditäre Geldabschöpfung creation of currency (money);
    Geldabwertung devaluation (devalorization) of the currency;
    Geldabzug drain of money;
    Geldadel moneyed aristocracy, plutocracy.
    herbeischaffen, Geld
    to raise funds (the wind, sl.).
    vorstrecken, Geld
    to advance money.
    zusammenkratzen, Geld
    to scrape up a sum of money;
    Pfennige zusammenkratzen to scrabble the pennies together.
    zusammenschießen, Geld
    to club together;
    Gelder (Kapitalien) zusammenschießen to pool funds;
    sein Kapital zusammenschießen to join stock with s. o.

    Business german-english dictionary > Geld

  • 13 RMC

       in the age of state monoploies over broadcasting, French listeners could tune into a number of stations that were not under government control because they were broadcast from just outside France. For listeners in the south of France, RMC was the most popular such station. Today it remains one of the main private radio stations in France.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > RMC

  • 14 Lobnitz, Frederick

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 7 September 1863 Renfrew, Scotland
    d. 7 December 1932 Crookston, Renfrewshire, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish shipbuilder, expert in dredge technology.
    [br]
    Lobnitz was the son of Henry Christian Lobnitz. His father was born in Denmark in 1831, and had worked for some years in both England and Scotland before becoming a naturalized British subject. Ultimately Henry joined the Clyde shipyard of James Henderson \& Son and worked there until his death, by which time he was sole proprietor and the yard was called Lobnitz \& Co. By this time the shipyard was the acknowledged world leader in rock-cutting machinery.
    Frederick was given the opportunity to travel in Europe during the late 1870s and early 1880s. He studied at Bonn, Heidelberg and at the Zurich Polytechnic, and also served an apprenticeship at the Fairfield Shipyard of John Elder \& Co. of Glasgow. One of his first tasks was to supervise the construction and commissioning of a subaqueous rock excavator, and then he was asked to direct rock excavations at the Suez Canal.
    In 1888 Frederick Lobnitz was made a partner of the company by his father and was to remain with them until his death, at which time he was Chairman. By this time the shipyard was a private limited company and had continued to enhance its name in the specialized field of dredging. At that time the two greatest dredge builders in the world (and deadly rivals) were situated next to each other on the banks of the Clyde at Renfrew; in 1957 they merged as Simons-Lobnitz Ltd. In 1915 Lobnitz was appointed Deputy Director for Munitions in Scotland and one year later he became Director, a post he held until 1919. Having investigated the running of munitions factories in France, he released scarce labour for the war effort by staffing the plants under his control with female and unskilled labour.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1920. Officier de la Légion d'honneur.
    Further Reading
    Fred M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde. A History of Clyde Shipbuilding Cambridge: PSL.
    Lobnitz \& Co., n.d., Romance of Dredging.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Lobnitz, Frederick

  • 15 неустойчивая среда

    1. sensitive environment

     

    неустойчивая среда

    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    sensitive environment
    Any parcel of land, large or small, under public or private control, that already has, or with remedial action could achieve, desirable environmental attributes. These attributes contribute to the retention and/or creation of wildlife habitat, soils stability, water retention or recharge, vegetative cover, and similar vital ecological functions. Environmentally sensitive areas range in size from small patches to extensive landscape features. They can include rare or common habitats, plants and animals. (Source: DUNSTE)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > неустойчивая среда

  • 16 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 17 Hand

    f; -, Hände
    1. hand; feuchte Hände haben have wet hands; auf / mit der flachen Hand in / with the palm of one’s hand; in der hohlen Hand in the hollow of one’s hand; mit ruhiger / sicherer Hand with a steady / sure hand; keine Hand frei haben not have a hand free; Hände hoch ( oder ich schieße)! hands up (or I’ll shoot)!; Hände weg! hands off!; an der / jemandes Hand gehen walk holding hands / holding s.o.’s hand; sie hatte ihr Kind an der Hand she was holding her child’s hand, she had her child by the hand; jemanden an die oder bei der Hand nehmen take s.o.’s hand; auf Händen und Füßen kriechen on all fours, on one’s hands and knees; aus der Hand legen oder geben put aside; jemandem aus der Hand lesen read s.o.’s hand; bei der Hand oder zur Hand at hand, handy; durch ( Heben der) Hand abstimmen by a show of hands; in Händen halten geh. hold in one’s hands; Hand in Hand gehen walk hand in hand; in die oder zur Hand nehmen pick s.th. up; mit Händen und Füßen reden gesticulate, talk with one’s hands; sich mit Händen und Füßen wehren umg. auch fig. fight tooth and nail; mit der Hand machen etc.: by hand; mit der oder von Hand gemacht / gemalt etc. handmade / handpainted etc.; zu Händen auf Brief: c / o (= care of); amtlich: att., Attention; zur linken / rechten oder linker / rechter Hand on the left-hand / right-hand side; Hand anlegen (an + Akk) take s.th. in hand; ( mit) Hand anlegen lend a hand; Hand an sich (Akk) legen euph. commit suicide; letzte Hand an etw. (Akk) legen add the finishing touches to; jemandem die Hand auflegen segnend: lay one’s hand on s.o.; jemandem die Hand geben oder reichen oder schütteln shake hands with s.o.; ( gib mir die) Hand drauf! (let’s) shake on it!; es war so dunkel, dass man die Hand nicht vor den Augen sehen konnte it was so dark you couldn’t see your hand in front of your face
    2. fig. Wendungen, mit Adj.: die öffentliche Hand the authorities, the state; jemandes rechte Hand s.o.’s right-hand man ( oder woman); die Tote Hand JUR. mortmain; aus bester Hand on good authority; aus erster Hand first-hand; ich hab’s aus erster Hand I got it straight from the horse’s mouth; aus privater Hand privately; aus zweiter Hand kaufen etc.: second-hand; Erlebnis, erleben: vicarious(ly); eine feste Hand brauchen need a firm hand; sie ist in festen Händen umg. she’s accounted for, she’s booked; jemandem freie Hand lassen give s.o. a free hand; in guten Händen sein be in good hands; eine glückliche oder geschickte Hand haben have the right touch ( mit for); sie hat eine ( glückliche) Hand mit she knows how to handle; mit Menschen, Pflanzen etc.: she has a way with; besser als in die hohle Hand geschissen vulg. better than a poke in the eye (with a burnt [Am. sharp] stick), better than nothing; alle oder beide Hände voll zu tun haben umg. generell: have a lot on one’s plate; mit jemandem/etw.: have one’s hands full with s.o./s.th.; mit beiden Händen zugreifen jump at the chance; von langer Hand long beforehand; mit leeren Händen dastehen / weggehen be left / go away empty-handed; jemandem etw. zu treuen Händen geben geh. give s.th. to s.o. for safekeeping; ( aber) zu treuen Händen! geh. hum. (but) I want it etc. back!; mit vollen Händen liberally; sein Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben throw one’s money about (Am. around); hinter vorgehaltener Hand sprechen etc.: off the record; link... 1
    3. fig. Wendungen, mit Präp.: jemandem etw. an die Hand geben (Argumente, Informationen etc.) hand s.o. s.th., pass s.th. on to s.o., make s.th. available to s.o.; an der Hand haben umg. know of, know where to find, be able to get hold of; (Person) auch have contacts with s.o.; ( bar) auf die Hand cash in hand; es liegt ( klar) auf der Hand it’s (so) obvious; jemanden auf Händen tragen wait on s.o. hand and foot; Hand aufs Herz! (ich lüge nicht) cross my heart; (sei ehrlich) be honest; jemandem aus der Hand fressen umg. eat out of s.o.’s hand; aus der Hand geben part with; (Posten etc.) auch give up; er gibt oder lässt es nicht aus der Hand auch he won’t let go of it, he won’t let anyone else have it ( oder take it from him); mit Kritik ist er immer schnell bei der Hand umg. he’s always very quick to criticize; durch jemandes Hände gehen go through s.o.’s hands; schon durch viele Hände gegangen sein have been through several hands; Hand in Hand arbeiten work together, cooperate (closely); das geht Hand in Hand mit... it goes hand in hand with..., it goes together with...; jemandem in die Hände arbeiten play into s.o.’s hands; in die Hände bekommen (etw., jemanden) get one’s hands on; jemandem in die Hände fallen fall into s.o.’s hands; jemanden in der Hand haben have s.o. in one’s grip; etw. gegen jemanden in der Hand haben have s.th. on s.o.; sich in der Hand haben have everything under control, have a firm grip on o.s.; wir haben die Lage in der Hand we’ve got the situation under control; du hast es in der Hand oder es liegt in deiner Hand it’s up to you; in jemandes Hand sein Person: be in s.o.’s hands, be up to s.o.; das Restaurant ist in griechischer Hand the restaurant is run by a Greek landlord; unser Hotel war fest in italienischer Hand the vast majority of guests in our hotel were Italians; in die Hände spucken umg., fig. roll up one’s sleeves; jemandem etw. in die Hand versprechen promise s.o. s.th. ( oder s.th. to s.o.); seine Hand ins Feuer legen für put one’s hand into the fire for; die Hände in den Schoß legen (nicht arbeiten) take it easy; (sich untätig verhalten) sit on one’s hands; seine Hand oder Hände im Spiel haben have a hand in it; etw. in die Hand nehmen Aufgabe etc.: take charge of s.th.; die Sache in die Hand nehmen take the initiative; jemandem (etw.) in die Hände spielen play (s.th.) into s.o.’s hands; es ist mit Händen zu greifen it sticks out a mile ( oder like a sore thumb) umg.; seine Hand ( schützend) über jemanden halten take s.o. under one’s wing, shield ( oder protect) s.o.; die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen umg. throw up one’s hands in horror; um jemandes Hand anhalten oder bitten ask for s.o.’s hand; unter der Hand (nicht offiziell) unofficially; (privat) kaufen etc.: privately; (heimlich, illegal) under the counter; (nebenbei) on the side; jemandem unter den Händen zerrinnen Geld etc.: go through s.o.’s fingers like water; die Arbeit geht ihm flott von der Hand he’s a fast worker; von der Hand in den Mund leben live from hand to mouth; von der Hand weisen (verwerfen, abtun) dismiss; (leugnen) deny; es ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen it can’t be denied, there’s no denying ( oder getting away from) it; von jemandes Hand sterben etc. geh. die by s.o.’s hand; von Hand zu Hand gehen go ( oder be passed) from hand to hand; jemandem zur oder an die Hand gehen lend s.o. a hand; sie hat immer eine Antwort zur Hand auch she’s always got an answer pat (Am. ready), she’s never at a loss for words; anhand, wegsterben
    4. fig. sonstige Wendungen: Hand und Fuß haben Plan etc.: make sense, hold water; was er macht, hat Hand und Fuß he doesn’t do things in ( oder by) half measures; ich würde mir für ihn die Hand abhacken lassen umg. I’d cut off my right arm for him; die Hand aufhalten oder hinhalten umg., meist pej. hold out one’s hand; einander die Hand geben Ereignisse etc.: follow hard on each other’s heels, happen in close succession; die Ereignisse gaben einander die Hand auch one thing led to another; jemandem die Hand ( fürs Leben) reichen marry s.o.; jemandem die Hand zur Versöhnung reichen offer s.o. one’s hand as a sign of reconciliation; die beiden können einander die Hand reichen they’re two of a kind; im negativen Sinne: auch they’re as bad as each other, one’s as bad as the other; (sie sind in der gleichen Lage) they’re in the same boat; von seiner Hände Arbeit leben live by the work of one’s hands; sich (Dat) die Hände reiben vor heimlicher Freude: rub one’s hands; eine Hand wäscht die andere Sprichwort you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours, one hand washes the other altm.; ich wasche meine Hände in Unschuld geh. I wash my hands in innocence; ausrutschen, gebunden II 2, küssen
    5. (Schrift) hand
    6. Kartenspiel: hand; eine gute / schlechte Hand a good / bad (od. poor) hand; auf der Hand in one’s hand; aus der Hand spielen nicht vom Tisch, Dummy: play from one’s hand; ( aus der) Hand spielen Skat: play from one’s hand (without picking up the discard)
    7. Fußball: ( das war) Hand! handball!
    f; -, - oder Hände; Maßangabe: zwei Hand breit etwa a foot wide; eine Hand voll konkret: a handful; (wenige) a handful
    * * *
    die Hand
    hand
    * * *
    Hạnd
    * * *
    (the part of the body at the end of the arm.) hand
    * * *
    <-, Hände>
    [hant, pl ˈhɛndə]
    f
    1. ANAT hand
    mit seiner Hände Arbeit (geh) with one's own hands
    jdm die \Hand auflegen to lay one's hands on sb
    man kann die \Hand nicht vor den Augen sehen one can't see one's hand in front of one's face
    aus der \Hand zeichnen freehand; essen with one's fingers
    jdm aus der \Hand fressen Tier to eat out of sb's hand
    jdm rutscht die \Hand aus (fam) sb hits out in anger
    jdm die \Hand bieten [o reichen] (geh) to give sb one's hand, to extend one's hand to sb
    mit der bloßen \Hand, mit bloßen Händen with one's bare hands
    jdm die \Hand drücken/schütteln to press/shake sb's hand
    jdm etw in die \Hand drücken to slip sth into sb's hand
    die \Hand zur Faust ballen to clench one's fist
    mit der flachen \Hand with the flat [or palm] of one's hand
    keine \Hand frei haben to have both hands full
    jdm/sich die \Hand geben [o (geh) reichen] to shake sb's hand
    sie reichten sich zur Begrüßung/Versöhnung die Hand [o Hände] they greeted each other/made peace by shaking hands
    sich dat auf etw akk die \Hand geben to shake hands on sth
    etw in der Hand [o in [den] Händen] halten [o haben] to have sth [in one's hands]
    Hände hoch [oder ich schieße]! hands up [or I'll shoot]!
    eine hohle \Hand machen to cup one's hands
    aus der hohlen \Hand from one's cupped hands
    \Hand in \Hand hand in hand
    in die Hände klatschen to clap [one's hands]; (Beifall) to applaud
    jdm die \Hand küssen to kiss sb's hand
    küss die \Hand! ÖSTERR (o veraltet) your servant old; (guten Tag) how do you do? form; (auf Wiedersehen) good day
    etw aus der \Hand legen to put down sth sep
    jdm aus der \Hand lesen to read sb's palm [or hand]
    jdm die Zukunft aus der \Hand lesen to tell sb's future [by reading sb's palm [or hand]]
    linker/rechter \Hand on the left/right
    zur linken/rechten \Hand on the left-hand/right-hand side
    mit der \Hand by hand
    jdn an die \Hand nehmen to take sb by the hand [or sb's hand]
    jdm etw aus der \Hand/den Händen nehmen to take sth from [or off] sb, to take sth out of sb's hand/hands
    sie nahm ihrem Kind das Messer aus der \Hand she took the knife away from her child
    jdn bei der \Hand nehmen [o fassen] to take hold of sb's hand
    etw in die [o zur] \Hand nehmen to pick up sth sep
    sich dat die Hände reiben to rub one's hands [together]
    eine ruhige [o sichere] \Hand a steady hand; (fig) a sure hand
    mit sanfter \Hand with a gentle hand
    jdm etw aus der \Hand schlagen to knock sth out of sb's hand
    die Hände in die Seiten stemmen to put one's hands on one's hips
    Klavierstück für vier Hände [o zu vier Händen] piano piece for four hands
    zu vier Händen spielen to play a [piano] duet
    von \Hand by hand; bedienen a. manually
    von \Hand genäht/geschrieben hand-sewn/handwritten
    Hände weg! (fam) hands [or fam mitts] off!
    2.
    <-, - o Hände>
    ein paar \Hand [o Hände] voll Kirschen a few handfuls of cherries
    eine \Hand voll Häuser (fig) a handful of houses
    eine \Hand/zwei \Hand [o Hände] breit six inches/a foot wide
    eine \Hand breit Wein im Fass six inches of wine in the barrel
    ein zwei \Hand [o Hände] breiter Riss a foot-wide crack, a crack a foot wide
    3. pl (Besitz)
    Hände hands
    der Besitz gelang in fremde Hände the property passed into foreign hands
    in jds Hände übergehen to pass into sb's hands
    4. POL
    die öffentliche \Hand, die öffentlichen Hände (der Staat) the government, central government; (die Gemeinde) local government
    durch die öffentliche \Hand finanziert financed by the public sector
    5. JUR
    die Tote \Hand mortmain spec
    etw an die Tote \Hand veräußern to amortize sth hist
    6. kein pl FBALL handball
    der Schiedsrichter erkannte auf \Hand the referee blew for handball
    \Hand machen to handle the ball
    7. (sl: Boxen) punch
    8. kein pl (veraltend: Handschrift) hand
    9. ÖSTERR (fam: Arm) arm
    10.
    die \Hand für jdn/etw abhacken [o abschlagen] lassen (fam) to stake one's life on sb/sth
    die [o seine] \Hand von jdm abziehen (geh) to stop protecting sb
    an \Hand einer S. gen with the aid of sth
    die \Hand in anderer [o fremder] Leute Tasche haben to live in other people's pockets
    um jds \Hand anhalten [o bitten] (veraltend geh) to request [or ask for] sb's hand in marriage dated
    [bei etw dat] [selbst] [mit] \Hand anlegen to lend a hand [with sth]
    jdm/etw in die \Hand [o Hände] arbeiten to play into sb's hands/the hands of sth
    [mit jdm] \Hand in \Hand arbeiten to work hand in hand [with sb]; (geheim) to work hand in glove [with sb]
    [bar] auf die [flache] \Hand (fam) cash in hand
    100 Euro auf die \Hand [bekommen/gezahlt] €100 [paid] in cash
    aus der \Hand offhand
    aus der \Hand weiß ich nicht genau I don't know exactly offhand
    jd kann etw an beiden Händen abzählen [o abfingern] (fam) sb can do sth with one hand [tied] behind their back
    jdn/etw in die \Hand [o Hände] bekommen [o (fam) kriegen] to get one's hands on sb/sth; (zufällig) to come across sb/sth
    besser als in die hohle Hand gespuckt (fam) [o (derb) geschissen] better than a slap in the face with a wet fish hum
    bei jdm in besten Händen sein to be in safe hands with sb
    bei ihr sind Sie damit in besten Händen you're in safe hands with her as far as that is concerned
    jdn um jds \Hand bitten (veraltend geh) to ask sb for sb's hand in marriage dated
    seine Hände mit Blut befleckt haben (geh) to have blood on one's hands
    \Hand drauf! (fam) promise!, swear!
    aus erster/zweiter \Hand first-hand/second-hand; (vom ersten/zweiten Eigentümer) with one previous owner/two previous owners
    Informationen aus zweiter \Hand second-hand information
    etw aus erster \Hand wissen to have first-hand knowledge of sth
    jdm in die Hände fallen to fall into sb's hands
    jdm in die \Hand [o Hände] fallen [o kommen]:
    schaut mal, was mir zufällig in die Hände gefallen ist! look what I came across by chance!
    in festen Händen sein (fam) to be spoken for
    für jdn/etw seine [o die] \Hand ins Feuer legen to vouch for sb/sth
    fleißige Hände (fleißige Arbeiter) hard workers; (Bereitwillige) willing hands
    freie \Hand haben to have a free hand
    jdm freie \Hand lassen to give sb a free hand
    bei der Regelung dieser Angelegenheit lassen wir Ihnen freie \Hand we give you free rein in settling this matter
    von fremder \Hand from a stranger
    die Unterschrift stammt von fremder \Hand this is a stranger's signature
    jdm aus der \Hand fressen (fam) to eat out of sb's hand
    \Hand und Fuß haben to be well thought out
    weder \Hand noch Fuß haben to have no rhyme or reason, to make no sense
    dieser Plan hat weder \Hand noch Fuß there's no rhyme or reason to this plan
    mit Händen und Füßen (hum: gestikulierend) with gestures; (fam: heftig) tooth and nail
    etw mit Händen und Füßen erklären to use gestures to explain sth
    jdm etw an die \Hand geben to provide sb with sth, to make sth available to sb
    jdm auf etw akk die \Hand geben to promise sb sth [faithfully]
    jdm die \Hand darauf geben, dass... to promise sb [faithfully] that...
    etw aus der \Hand geben (weggeben) to let sth out of one's hands; (leihen) to lend sth; (verzichten) to relinquish sth
    jdn/etw in jds \Hand geben (geh) to place sb/sth in sb's hands
    jdm sind die Hände [und Füße] gebunden, jds Hände sind gebunden sb's hands are tied
    jdm [bei etw dat] an die \Hand gehen to give [or lend] sb a hand [with sth]
    durch jds Hände [o \Hand] gehen to pass through sb's hands
    [mit etw dat] \Hand in \Hand gehen to go hand in hand [with sth]
    jdm geht etw gut [o leicht] [o (fam) flott] von der \Hand sb finds sth easy
    am Computer gehen einem viele Textarbeiten leicht von der \Hand working with texts is easy on a computer
    von \Hand zu \Hand gehen to pass from hand to hand
    jdm zur \Hand gehen to lend sb a [helping] hand
    bei/in etw dat eine glückliche \Hand haben [o beweisen] [o zeigen] (richtig handeln) to know the right thing to do with sth; (Gewinn erzielen) to have the Midas touch with sth; (Geschick aufweisen) to have a [natural] flair for sth
    mit Händen zu greifen sein to be as plain as a pikestaff [or fam the nose on your face]
    eine grüne \Hand haben to have green fingers BRIT fam
    jdn [für etw akk] an der \Hand haben (fam) to have sb on hand [for sth]
    für Autoreparaturen habe ich jemand an der \Hand I've got someone on hand who can fix cars
    etw bei der \Hand haben to have sth handy [or to hand]; (parat) to have sth ready
    etw in der \Hand haben to have sth in one's hands
    ich habe diese Entscheidung nicht in der \Hand this decision is not in [or is out of] my hands
    etw gegen jdn in der \Hand haben to have sth on sb
    jdn [fest] in der \Hand haben to have sb [well] in hand
    sich akk in der \Hand haben to have oneself under control [or fam a grip on oneself]
    etw unter den Händen haben to be working on sth
    die [o seine] \Hand auf etw dat halten (fam) to keep a tight rein on sth
    die \Hand auf der Tasche halten (fam: kontrollieren) to hold the purse strings; (geizen) to be tight-fisted fam
    die [o seine [schützende]] \Hand über jdn halten (geh) to protect sb
    \Hand aufs Herz! (versprochen!) cross my/your heart [and hope to die], [give me your/I give you my] word of honour BRIT [or AM honor]; (ehrlich!) honest/be honest!
    die [hohle] [o seine] \Hand hinhalten [o aufhalten] (fam) to hold out one's hand [for money]
    nicht in die hohle \Hand! (fam) nothing at all
    in jds Händen sein to be in sb's hands
    [bei jdm] in guten/richtigen/sicheren Händen sein to be in good/the right/safe hands [with sb]
    klebrige Hände haben (fam) to have sticky fingers fam
    die Hände überm Kopf zusammenschlagen (fam) to throw one's hands up in amazement/horror
    von langer \Hand well in advance
    jdm die \Hand [zum Bund] fürs Leben reichen (geh) to marry sb
    mit leeren Händen empty-handed
    \Hand an jdn legen (geh: angreifen) to assault sb; (töten) to take sb's life
    \Hand an sich akk legen (geh) to take one's own life
    die [o seine] \Hand auf etw akk legen (geh) to lay [one's] hands on sth
    etw in jds \Hand [o Hände] legen (geh) to entrust sb with sth
    mit leichter \Hand effortlessly, with ease
    leitende [o lenkende] \Hand guiding hand
    [die] letzte \Hand an etw akk legen to put the finishing touches to sth
    [klar] auf der \Hand liegen (fam) to be [perfectly] obvious
    in jds \Hand liegen [o stehen] (geh) to be in sb's hands
    mit der linken Hand (fam) easily, [as] easy as pie fam
    eine lockere [o lose] \Hand haben (fam) to let fly [or lash out] at the slightest provocation
    eine milde [o offene] \Hand haben to give generously, to be open-handed
    von der \Hand in den Mund leben to live from hand to mouth
    jdm etw aus der \Hand nehmen to relieve sb of sth
    etw in die \Hand nehmen (sich darum kümmern) to attend to [or take care of] sth; (übernehmen) to take sth in hand [oneself]
    etw allein [o selbst] in die [eigene] \Hand nehmen to take sth into one's own hands
    aus [o von] privater \Hand privately, from a private individual
    „aus privater \Hand abzugeben“ “private sale”
    jds rechte \Hand sein to be sb's right-hand man
    dann können wir uns dat die \Hand reichen! shake!, snap! fam
    sich dat [o (geh) einander] die Hände reichen können to be tarred with the same brush
    keine \Hand rühren (fam) to not lift a finger
    jdm die Hände schmieren [o versilbern] (fam) to grease sb's palm fam
    schmutzige Hände haben (geh) to be involved in dubious practices
    mit etw dat schnell [o flink] [o gleich] bei der \Hand sein (fam) to be quick to do sth
    die Hände in den Schoß legen [o in die Taschen stecken] to sit back and do nothing
    in jds \Hand sein to be in sb's hands
    dieses Geschäft ist in türkischer \Hand this business is owned by Turks
    [bei etw dat] die Hand [o seine Hand] [o seine Hände] [mit] im Spiel haben to have a hand in sth; Eifersucht, Motiv to have a part to play in sth
    überall seine Hand [o Hände] im Spiel haben to have a [or one's] finger in every pie
    jdm etw in die \Hand [o Hände] spielen to pass sth on to sb
    in die Hände spucken (fam) to roll up one's sleeves sep
    mit starker [o fester] \Hand with a firm hand; (strenger) with an iron hand
    jdn auf Händen tragen to fulfil [or AM fulfill] sb's every wish
    etw zu treuen Händen nehmen (usu hum geh) to take sth into one's care
    jdm etw zu treuen Händen übergeben (usu hum geh) to give sth to sb for safekeeping, to entrust sth to sb
    seine Hände in Unschuld waschen (geh) to wash one's hands of it/sb/sth
    unter der \Hand secretly, on the quiet fam
    etw unter der \Hand erfahren to hear sth through the grapevine
    etw unter der \Hand kaufen/verkaufen to buy/sell sth under the counter [or table]
    jdm etw in die \Hand versprechen to promise sb sth [faithfully]
    alle [o beide] Hände voll zu tun haben (fam) to have one's hands full
    mit vollen Händen (verschwenderisch) excessively; (großzügig) generously
    das [o sein] Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben to spend one's money left, right and centre [or AM center] [or fam hand over fist]
    von jds \Hand (geh) at sb's hand
    hinter vorgehaltener \Hand in confidence, off the record
    eine \Hand wäscht die andere (prov) you scratch my back [and] I'll scratch yours prov
    jdm unter der \Hand [o den Händen] wegsterben (fam) to die while under sb's care
    etw von der \Hand weisen to deny sth
    etw lässt sich akk nicht von der \Hand weisen, etw ist nicht von der \Hand zu weisen sth cannot be denied
    es lässt sich nicht von der \Hand weisen there's no denying it
    es ist nicht von der \Hand zu weisen, dass... there's no denying that...
    jdm unter den Händen zerrinnen [o schmelzen] to slip through sb's fingers
    zu Händen [von] Herrn Weissner For the attention of Mr Weissner, Attn: Mr Weissner
    jdm zuckt es in der \Hand [o den Händen] sb's itching to hit sb fam
    etw zur \Hand haben to have sth handy [or to hand]
    zur \Hand sein to be at hand
    mit etw dat zur \Hand sein to be ready with sth
    zwei linke Hände haben (fam) to have two left hands fam, BRIT fam also to be all fingers and thumbs
    * * *
    die; Hand, Hände
    1) hand

    mit der rechten/linken Hand — with one's right/left hand

    jemandem die Hand geben od. (geh.) reichen — shake somebody's hand; shake somebody by the hand

    jemandem die Hand drücken/schütteln — press/shake somebody's hand

    jemanden an die od. (geh.) bei der Hand nehmen — take somebody by the hand

    jemandem etwas aus der Hand nehmen — take something out of somebody's hand/hands

    etwas in die/zur Hand nehmen — pick something up

    etwas in der Hand/den Händen haben od. (geh.) halten — have got or hold something in one's hand/hands

    etwas mit der Hand schreiben/nähen — write/sew something by hand

    Hand in Hand gehengo or walk hand-in-hand

    2) o. Pl. (Fußball) handball

    was hältst du davon - Hand aufs Herz! — what do you think? - be honest

    Hand und Fuß/weder Hand noch Fuß haben(ugs.) make sense/no sense

    [bei etwas selbst mit] Hand anlegen — lend a hand [with something]; die od

    seine Hand aufhalten(ugs.) hold out one's hand

    letzte Hand an etwas (Akk.) legen — put the finishing touches pl. to something

    sich (Dat.) od. (geh.) alle od. beide Hände damit voll haben, etwas zu tun(ugs.) have one's hands full doing something

    bei etwas die od. seine Hände [mit] im Spiel haben — have a hand in something

    die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen — (ugs.) throw up one's hands in horror

    zwei linke Hände haben(ugs.) have two left hands (coll.)

    eine lockere od. lose Hand haben — (ugs.) hit out at the slightest provocation

    linker/rechter Hand — on or to the left/right

    [klar] auf der Hand liegen — (ugs.) be obvious

    jemanden auf Händen tragenlavish every kind of care and attention on somebody

    ein Auto/Möbel aus erster Hand — a car/furniture which has/had had one [previous] owner

    etwas aus erster Hand wissenknow something at first hand; have first-hand knowledge of something

    etwas aus der Hand geben (weggeben) let something out of one's hands; (aufgeben) give something up

    etwas bei der Hand haben(greifbar haben) have something handy; (parat haben) have something ready

    mit etwas schnell od. rasch bei der Hand sein — (ugs.) be ready [with something]

    in die Hände spucken — spit on one's hands; (fig. ugs.) roll up one's sleeves (fig.)

    jemanden/etwas in die Hand od. Hände bekommenlay or get one's hands on somebody/get one's hands on something

    jemanden in der Hand habenhave or hold somebody in the palm of one's hand

    in jemandes Hand (Dat.) sein od. (geh.) liegen — be in somebody's hands

    in sicheren od. guten Händen sein — be in safe or good hands

    sich mit Händen und Füßen gegen etwas sträuben od. wehren — (ugs.) fight tooth and nail against something

    um jemandes Hand anhalten od. bitten — (geh. veralt.) ask for somebody's hand [in marriage]

    unter der Hand(fig.) on the quiet

    das geht ihm gut/leicht von der Hand — he finds that no trouble

    etwas von langer Hand vorbereitenplan something well in advance

    die Nachteile/seine Argumente sind nicht von der Hand zu weisen — the disadvantages cannot be denied/his arguments cannot [simply] be dismissed

    zu Händen [von] Herrn Müllerfor the attention of Herr Müller; attention Herr Müller; s. auch öffentlich 1.

    4)

    an Hands. anhand

    * * *
    Hand1 f; -, Hände
    1. hand;
    feuchte Hände haben have wet hands;
    auf/mit der flachen Hand in/with the palm of one’s hand;
    in der hohlen Hand in the hollow of one’s hand;
    mit ruhiger/sicherer Hand with a steady/sure hand;
    keine Hand frei haben not have a hand free;
    Hände hoch (oder ich schieße)! hands up (or I’ll shoot)!;
    Hände weg! hands off!;
    an der/jemandes Hand gehen walk holding hands/holding sb’s hand;
    sie hatte ihr Kind an der Hand she was holding her child’s hand, she had her child by the hand;
    bei der Hand nehmen take sb’s hand;
    auf Händen und Füßen kriechen on all fours, on one’s hands and knees;
    geben put aside;
    jemandem aus der Hand lesen read sb’s hand;
    zur Hand at hand, handy;
    durch (Heben der) Hand abstimmen by a show of hands;
    in Händen halten geh hold in one’s hands;
    Hand in Hand gehen walk hand in hand;
    zur Hand nehmen pick sth up;
    mit Händen und Füßen reden gesticulate, talk with one’s hands;
    sich mit Händen und Füßen wehren umg auch fig fight tooth and nail;
    mit der Hand machen etc: by hand;
    von Hand gemacht/gemalt etc handmade/handpainted etc;
    zu Händen auf Brief: c/o (= care of); amtlich: att., Attention;
    zur linken/rechten oder
    linker/rechter Hand on the left-hand/right-hand side;
    an +akk) take sth in hand;
    (mit) Hand anlegen lend a hand;
    Hand an sich (akk)
    legen euph commit suicide;
    letzte Hand an etwas (akk)
    legen add the finishing touches to;
    jemandem die Hand auflegen segnend: lay one’s hand on sb;
    schütteln shake hands with sb;
    (gib mir die) Hand drauf! (let’s) shake on it!;
    es war so dunkel, dass man die Hand nicht vor den Augen sehen konnte it was so dark you couldn’t see your hand in front of your face
    2. fig Wendungen, mit adj:
    die öffentliche Hand the authorities, the state;
    jemandes rechte Hand sb’s right-hand man ( oder woman);
    die Tote Hand JUR mortmain;
    aus bester Hand on good authority;
    aus erster Hand first-hand;
    ich hab’s aus erster Hand I got it straight from the horse’s mouth;
    aus privater Hand privately;
    aus zweiter Hand kaufen etc: second-hand; Erlebnis, erleben: vicarious(ly);
    eine feste Hand brauchen need a firm hand;
    sie ist in festen Händen umg she’s accounted for, she’s booked;
    jemandem freie Hand lassen give sb a free hand;
    in guten Händen sein be in good hands;
    geschickte Hand haben have the right touch (
    mit for);
    sie hat eine (glückliche) Hand mit she knows how to handle; mit Menschen, Pflanzen etc: she has a way with;
    besser als in die hohle Hand geschissen vulg better than a poke in the eye (with a burnt [US sharp] stick), better than nothing;
    beide Hände voll zu tun haben umg generell: have a lot on one’s plate; mit jemandem/etwas: have one’s hands full with sb/sth;
    mit beiden Händen zugreifen jump at the chance;
    von langer Hand long beforehand;
    mit leeren Händen dastehen/weggehen be left/go away empty-handed;
    jemandem etwas zu treuen Händen geben geh give sth to sb for safekeeping;
    (aber) zu treuen Händen! geh hum (but) I want it etc back!;
    mit vollen Händen liberally;
    sein Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben throw one’s money about (US around);
    hinter vorgehaltener Hand sprechen etc: off the record; link… 1
    3. fig Wendungen, mit präp:
    jemandem etwas an die Hand geben (Argumente, Informationen etc) hand sb sth, pass sth on to sb, make sth available to sb;
    an der Hand haben umg know of, know where to find, be able to get hold of; (Person) auch have contacts with sb;
    (bar) auf die Hand cash in hand;
    es liegt (klar) auf der Hand it’s (so) obvious;
    jemanden auf Händen tragen wait on sb hand and foot;
    Hand aufs Herz! (ich lüge nicht) cross my heart; (sei ehrlich) be honest;
    jemandem aus der Hand fressen umg eat out of sb’s hand;
    aus der Hand geben part with; (Posten etc) auch give up;
    lässt es nicht aus der Hand auch he won’t let go of it, he won’t let anyone else have it ( oder take it from him);
    mit Kritik ist er immer schnell bei der Hand umg he’s always very quick to criticize;
    durch jemandes Hände gehen go through sb’s hands;
    schon durch viele Hände gegangen sein have been through several hands;
    Hand in Hand arbeiten work together, cooperate (closely);
    das geht Hand in Hand mit … it goes hand in hand with …, it goes together with …;
    jemandem in die Hände arbeiten play into sb’s hands;
    in die Hände bekommen (etwas, jemanden) get one’s hands on;
    jemandem in die Hände fallen fall into sb’s hands;
    jemanden in der Hand haben have sb in one’s grip;
    sich in der Hand haben have everything under control, have a firm grip on o.s.;
    wir haben die Lage in der Hand we’ve got the situation under control;
    es liegt in deiner Hand it’s up to you;
    in jemandes Hand sein Person: be in sb’s hands, be up to sb;
    das Restaurant ist in griechischer Hand the restaurant is run by a Greek landlord;
    unser Hotel war fest in italienischer Hand the vast majority of guests in our hotel were Italians;
    in die Hände spucken umg, fig roll up one’s sleeves;
    jemandem etwas in die Hand versprechen promise sb sth ( oder sth to sb);
    seine Hand ins Feuer legen für put one’s hand into the fire for;
    die Hände in den Schoß legen (nicht arbeiten) take it easy; (sich untätig verhalten) sit on one’s hands;
    Hände im Spiel haben have a hand in it;
    etwas in die Hand nehmen Aufgabe etc: take charge of sth;
    die Sache in die Hand nehmen take the initiative;
    jemandem (etwas) in die Hände spielen play (sth) into sb’s hands;
    es ist mit Händen zu greifen it sticks out a mile ( oder like a sore thumb) umg;
    seine Hand (schützend) über jemanden halten take sb under one’s wing, shield ( oder protect) sb;
    die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen umg throw up one’s hands in horror;
    bitten ask for sb’s hand;
    unter der Hand (nicht offiziell) unofficially; (privat) kaufen etc: privately; (heimlich, illegal) under the counter; (nebenbei) on the side;
    jemandem unter den Händen zerrinnen Geld etc: go through sb’s fingers like water;
    von der Hand in den Mund leben live from hand to mouth;
    es ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen it can’t be denied, there’s no denying ( oder getting away from) it;
    von jemandes Hand sterben etc geh die by sb’s hand;
    von Hand zu Hand gehen go ( oder be passed) from hand to hand;
    an die Hand gehen lend sb a hand;
    sie hat immer eine Antwort zur Hand auch she’s always got an answer pat (US ready), she’s never at a loss for words; anhand, wegsterben
    4. fig sonstige Wendungen:
    was er macht, hat Hand und Fuß he doesn’t do things in ( oder by) half measures;
    ich würde mir für ihn die Hand abhacken lassen umg I’d cut off my right arm for him;
    hinhalten umg, meist pej hold out one’s hand;
    einander die Hand geben Ereignisse etc: follow hard on each other’s heels, happen in close succession;
    die Ereignisse gaben einander die Hand auch one thing led to another;
    jemandem die Hand zur Versöhnung reichen offer sb one’s hand as a sign of reconciliation;
    die beiden können einander die Hand reichen they’re two of a kind; im negativen Sinne: auch they’re as bad as each other, one’s as bad as the other; (sie sind in der gleichen Lage) they’re in the same boat;
    von seiner Hände Arbeit leben live by the work of one’s hands;
    sich (dat)
    eine Hand wäscht die andere Sprichwort you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours, one hand washes the other obs;
    ich wasche meine Hände in Unschuld geh I wash my hands in innocence; ausrutschen, gebunden B 2, küssen
    5. (Schrift) hand
    6. Kartenspiel: hand;
    eine gute/schlechte Hand a good/bad ( oder poor) hand;
    auf der Hand in one’s hand;
    aus der Hand spielen nicht vom Tisch, Dummy: play from one’s hand;
    (aus der) Hand spielen Skat: play from one’s hand (without picking up the discard)
    (das war) Hand! handball!
    Hand2 f; -, - oder Hände; Maßangabe:
    zwei Hand breit etwa a foot wide;
    eine Hand voll konkret: a handful; (wenige) a handful
    * * *
    die; Hand, Hände
    1) hand

    mit der rechten/linken Hand — with one's right/left hand

    jemandem die Hand geben od. (geh.) reichen — shake somebody's hand; shake somebody by the hand

    jemandem die Hand drücken/schütteln — press/shake somebody's hand

    jemanden an die od. (geh.) bei der Hand nehmen — take somebody by the hand

    jemandem etwas aus der Hand nehmen — take something out of somebody's hand/hands

    etwas in die/zur Hand nehmen — pick something up

    etwas in der Hand/den Händen haben od. (geh.) halten — have got or hold something in one's hand/hands

    etwas mit der Hand schreiben/nähen — write/sew something by hand

    Hand in Hand gehengo or walk hand-in-hand

    2) o. Pl. (Fußball) handball

    Hand und Fuß/weder Hand noch Fuß haben — (ugs.) make sense/no sense

    [bei etwas selbst mit] Hand anlegen — lend a hand [with something]; die od

    seine Hand aufhalten(ugs.) hold out one's hand

    letzte Hand an etwas (Akk.) legen — put the finishing touches pl. to something

    sich (Dat.) od. (geh.) alle od. beide Hände damit voll haben, etwas zu tun — (ugs.) have one's hands full doing something

    bei etwas die od. seine Hände [mit] im Spiel haben — have a hand in something

    die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen(ugs.) throw up one's hands in horror

    zwei linke Hände haben(ugs.) have two left hands (coll.)

    eine lockere od. lose Hand haben — (ugs.) hit out at the slightest provocation

    linker/rechter Hand — on or to the left/right

    [klar] auf der Hand liegen — (ugs.) be obvious

    ein Auto/Möbel aus erster Hand — a car/furniture which has/had had one [previous] owner

    etwas aus erster Hand wissen — know something at first hand; have first-hand knowledge of something

    etwas aus der Hand geben (weggeben) let something out of one's hands; (aufgeben) give something up

    etwas bei der Hand haben (greifbar haben) have something handy; (parat haben) have something ready

    mit etwas schnell od. rasch bei der Hand sein — (ugs.) be ready [with something]

    in die Hände spucken — spit on one's hands; (fig. ugs.) roll up one's sleeves (fig.)

    jemanden/etwas in die Hand od. Hände bekommen — lay or get one's hands on somebody/get one's hands on something

    jemanden in der Hand habenhave or hold somebody in the palm of one's hand

    in jemandes Hand (Dat.) sein od. (geh.) liegen — be in somebody's hands

    in sicheren od. guten Händen sein — be in safe or good hands

    sich mit Händen und Füßen gegen etwas sträuben od. wehren — (ugs.) fight tooth and nail against something

    um jemandes Hand anhalten od. bitten — (geh. veralt.) ask for somebody's hand [in marriage]

    unter der Hand(fig.) on the quiet

    das geht ihm gut/leicht von der Hand — he finds that no trouble

    die Nachteile/seine Argumente sind nicht von der Hand zu weisen — the disadvantages cannot be denied/his arguments cannot [simply] be dismissed

    zu Händen [von] Herrn Müller — for the attention of Herr Müller; attention Herr Müller; s. auch öffentlich 1.

    4)

    an Hands. anhand

    * * *
    ¨-e f.
    hand n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Hand

  • 18 intervenir

    v.
    1 to tap.
    El tipo interviene el proyecto The guy tap the project.
    2 to seize (incautarse de).
    La contraloría interviene a la empresa The comptroller audits the company.
    4 to take part.
    en la evolución de la economía intervienen muchos factores several different factors play a part in the state of the economy
    después del presidente intervino el Sr. Ramírez Mr Ramirez spoke after the president
    5 to intervene (interferir, imponer el orden).
    El juez interviene a veces The judge intervenes sometimes.
    6 to operate on, to perform surgery on, to make an intervention on.
    Te interviene el Dr. Pérez Dr. Perez makes an operation on you.
    7 to take over, to take control of, to take over the operation of.
    El socio interviene la empresa The associate takes over the operation of..
    8 to confiscate, to seize.
    La corte interviene sus bienes The court seized his belongings.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ VENIR], like link=venir venir
    1 (tomar parte) to take part (en, in); (mediar) to intervene
    2 (interrumpir) to intervene
    3 (hablar) to speak (en, at)
    1 MEDICINA to operate on
    2 (alijo, mercancía) to seize
    3 (teléfono) to tap
    4 (cuentas) to audit
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) (=tomar parte) to take part
    2) (=injerirse) to intervene
    3) (=mediar)

    el presidente intervino para que se pudiera llegar a un acuerdothe president mediated o interceded so that an agreement could be reached

    2. VT
    1) (=controlar) to take over, take control of

    la junta militar intervino todas las cadenas estatalesthe junta took over o took control of all the state-run channels

    el gobierno intervino a los ferroviariosthe government took over o took control of the railworkers' union

    2) (Com) [+ cuenta] to audit; [+ banco, empresa] to take into administration; [+ cuenta, bienes] to freeze
    3) (Med) to operate on
    4) [+ droga, armas, patrimonio, bienes] to confiscate, seize
    5) [+ teléfono] to tap
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (en debate, operación) to take part; ( en espectáculo) to appear, perform
    b) ( mediar) to intervene, intercede (frml)
    c) ( tomar parte) to intervene
    2.
    1)
    a) < teléfono> to tap
    b) ( tomar control de) < empresa> to place... in administration
    c) ( inspeccionar) < cuentas> to audit, inspect
    d) <armas/droga> to seize, confiscate
    e) (AmL) <universidad/emisora> to take over the running of, take control of
    2) ( operar) to operate on
    * * *
    = go into, have + a hand in, step in, intervene, jump in, obtrude (into), cut in, mediate, intersect, come into + play, call into + play, wiretap [wire-tap], weigh in, chime in.
    Ex. As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.
    Ex. For the benefit of all users of the thesaurus who have not had a hand in its initial compilation some written record describing the anticipated use of the thesaurus is valuable.
    Ex. Furthermore, children can be misled by group influences into reading truly pernicious material (hard core ponography, for example) and when this happens adults have a clear responsibility to step in and do something about it.
    Ex. And again, this is a point at which the teacher may need to intervene to provide examples.
    Ex. The unhappy tendency among teachers -- an occupational neurosis -- is to jump in too early and too often, especially if the talk wanders from direct comments about books under consideration.
    Ex. The librarian will provide whatever help is required without obtruding into the process.
    Ex. 'I'm not sure what 'arbitrary and capricious' means,' Stanton cut in reasonably.
    Ex. School library media professionals who mediate in the learning experiences of students must be well informed critical thinkers.
    Ex. Contingency plans can be devised to intersect at several points on this time continuum.
    Ex. There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.
    Ex. Ethical principles are called into play when deliberating about values, particularly when values run into conflict.
    Ex. The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.
    Ex. If Division VIII is best positioned to weigh in on terminology, Division VIII should do so and the rest of us should follow that lead.
    Ex. A few members of this list have done this, so wait for them to chime in here.
    ----
    * intervenir con = chime in with.
    * intervenir en un conflicto = enter + conflict.
    * que intervienen = at play.
    * si no intervienen otros factores = ceteris paribus, all (other) things being equal.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (en debate, operación) to take part; ( en espectáculo) to appear, perform
    b) ( mediar) to intervene, intercede (frml)
    c) ( tomar parte) to intervene
    2.
    1)
    a) < teléfono> to tap
    b) ( tomar control de) < empresa> to place... in administration
    c) ( inspeccionar) < cuentas> to audit, inspect
    d) <armas/droga> to seize, confiscate
    e) (AmL) <universidad/emisora> to take over the running of, take control of
    2) ( operar) to operate on
    * * *
    = go into, have + a hand in, step in, intervene, jump in, obtrude (into), cut in, mediate, intersect, come into + play, call into + play, wiretap [wire-tap], weigh in, chime in.

    Ex: As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

    Ex: For the benefit of all users of the thesaurus who have not had a hand in its initial compilation some written record describing the anticipated use of the thesaurus is valuable.
    Ex: Furthermore, children can be misled by group influences into reading truly pernicious material (hard core ponography, for example) and when this happens adults have a clear responsibility to step in and do something about it.
    Ex: And again, this is a point at which the teacher may need to intervene to provide examples.
    Ex: The unhappy tendency among teachers -- an occupational neurosis -- is to jump in too early and too often, especially if the talk wanders from direct comments about books under consideration.
    Ex: The librarian will provide whatever help is required without obtruding into the process.
    Ex: 'I'm not sure what 'arbitrary and capricious' means,' Stanton cut in reasonably.
    Ex: School library media professionals who mediate in the learning experiences of students must be well informed critical thinkers.
    Ex: Contingency plans can be devised to intersect at several points on this time continuum.
    Ex: There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.
    Ex: Ethical principles are called into play when deliberating about values, particularly when values run into conflict.
    Ex: The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.
    Ex: If Division VIII is best positioned to weigh in on terminology, Division VIII should do so and the rest of us should follow that lead.
    Ex: A few members of this list have done this, so wait for them to chime in here.
    * intervenir con = chime in with.
    * intervenir en un conflicto = enter + conflict.
    * que intervienen = at play.
    * si no intervienen otros factores = ceteris paribus, all (other) things being equal.

    * * *
    vi
    1 (en un debate) to take part; (en un espectáculo) to appear, perform; (en una operación) to take part
    2 (mediar) to intervene, intercede ( frml)
    intervino ante el director a nuestro favor she intervened o interceded on our behalf with the director
    en mi decisión han intervenido muchos factores many factors have had a bearing on my decision
    3 (involucrarse, inmiscuirse) to intervene, get involved
    no pensamos intervenir en los problemas internos de otros países we do not intend intervening o getting involved in the internal affairs of other countries
    los profesores tuvieron que intervenir en la pelea the teachers had to intervene to stop the fight
    no quiso intervenir en la pelea he didn't want to get involved in the fight
    ■ intervenir
    vt
    A
    1 ‹teléfono› to tap
    2 (tomar control de) ‹empresa› to place … in administration
    3 (inspeccionar) ‹cuentas› to audit, inspect
    4 ‹armas/droga› to seize, confiscate
    5 ( AmL) ‹universidad/emisora› to take over the running of, take control of
    B (operar) to operate on
    fue intervenido en una clínica privada he had his operation o he was operated on o he underwent surgery in a private clinic
    * * *

     

    intervenir ( conjugate intervenir) verbo intransitivo
    a) (en debate, operación) to take part;

    ( en espectáculo) to appear, perform


    intervenir en una pelea to intervene o step in to stop a fight;

    ( involucrarse) to get involved in a fight
    verbo transitivo
    1
    a) teléfono to tap

    b) ( tomar control de) ‹ empresato place … in administration


    d)armas/droga to seize, confiscate

    2 ( operar) to operate on;

    intervenir
    I vi (mediar) to intervene [en, in]
    (participar) to take part [en, in]: me gustaría intervenir en el debate, I'd like to take part in the debate
    II verbo transitivo
    1 (un alijo de droga, etc) to confiscate, to seize: la policía ha intervenido la droga en la frontera, the police seized the drugs at the border
    2 (bloquear una cuenta bancaria) to block o freeze: el juez ha intervenido su cuenta, the judge froze his bank account
    (auditar) to audit
    3 (un teléfono) to tap: me parece que la línea está intervenida, I think they put a tap on our phone
    4 Med (a un paciente) to operate on: le van a intervenir mañana a las nueve, they're performing her surgery tomorrow at nine o'clock
    ' intervenir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    mediar
    - terciar
    English:
    intervene
    - join in
    - step in
    - interest
    - move
    - operate
    - step
    - tap
    * * *
    vt
    1. [operar]
    2. Com [cuentas] to audit
    3. [teléfono, línea] to tap;
    [correspondencia] to open
    4. [incautarse de] to seize
    5. Am [institución privada] to put into administration
    vi
    1. [participar] to take part (en in); [en pelea, discusión] to get involved (en in);
    intervino en varias películas cómicas she appeared in several comedy films;
    en la evolución de la economía intervienen muchos factores several different factors play a part in the state of the economy;
    después del presidente intervino el Sr. Ramírez Mr Ramirez spoke after the president;
    yo quisiera intervenir para decir que no estamos de acuerdo con la propuesta I would just like to say something: we do not agree with the proposal;
    ¿alguien más quisiera intervenir sobre esta cuestión? would anyone else like so say something on this issue?
    2. [interferir, imponer el orden] to intervene (en in);
    la policía tuvo que intervenir para separar a las dos aficiones the police had to intervene to separate the two groups of fans
    3. [mediar] to intervene, to intercede;
    su padre intervino ante su madre para que lo dejara salir his father spoke to his mother to persuade her to let him go out;
    la ONU intervino para lograr un acuerdo the UN intervened o interceded in order to get an agreement
    4. [operar]
    * * *
    I v/i intervene; en debate, congreso take part, participate; en película, espectáculo appear
    II v/t
    1 TELEC tap
    2 contrabando seize
    3 MED operate on
    * * *
    intervenir {87} vi
    1) : to take part
    2) interceder: to intervene, to intercede
    1) : to control, to supervise
    2) : to audit
    3) : to operate on
    4) : to tap (a telephone)
    * * *
    1. (interponerse) to intervene
    2. (tomar parte) to take part [pt. took; pp. taken]
    3. (operar) to operate on

    Spanish-English dictionary > intervenir

  • 19 iniciativa

    adj.&f.
    feminine of INICIATIVO.
    f.
    proposal, initiative (propuesta).
    tener iniciativa to have initiative
    tomar la iniciativa to take the initiative
    iniciativa privada private enterprise
    * * *
    1 initiative
    \
    por propia iniciativa on one's own initiative
    tomar la iniciativa to take the initiative
    iniciativa privada private enterprise
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=capacidad emprendedora) initiative
    2) (=liderazgo) leadership
    * * *
    a) ( cualidad) initiative
    b) ( propuesta) initiative
    c) (ventaja, delantera)

    tomó/perdió la iniciativa — he took/lost the initiative

    * * *
    = effort, endeavour [endeavor, -USA], enterprise, framework, initiative, leadership, resourcefulness, proaction, move, movement, stake in the ground.
    Ex. Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.
    Ex. Eventually, it came to be recognized that the Classification Research Group's endeavours might be pertinent to the problem of alphabetical indexing.
    Ex. Only those who have attempted to edit the proceedings of a conference can appreciate the magnitude and scope of such an enterprise.
    Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.
    Ex. These discussions will influence subsequent planning initiatives with regard to the design and layout of the new building.
    Ex. Under Mr. Kilgour's leadership, OCLC has demonstrated beyond any doubt that the computer can be successfully applied to traditional library problems with the most positive results.
    Ex. The impression left by the two early attempts to create universal bibliographic control was that the creation of one universal source of reference was beyond human resources and resourcefulness.
    Ex. Based on their experience of mutual benefit over the past 3 years, both university libraries have transformed the goal of their interinstitutional agreement from protection to proaction.
    Ex. This move has probably affirmed the future of DC.
    Ex. The cathedral-like hush contrasted strangely with the clamor and movement outside.
    Ex. The first version of any software is usually best seen as a stake in the ground.
    ----
    * a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.
    * a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.
    * con iniciativa = proactively [pro-actively], proactive [pro-active], enterprising.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * emprender una iniciativa = undertake + enterprise.
    * iniciativa empresarial = entrepreneurship.
    * iniciativa privada = private initiative.
    * lanzar una iniciativa = launch + initiative.
    * llevar a cabo una iniciativa = take + initiative.
    * persona con iniciativa = go-getter.
    * por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.
    * por propia iniciativa = self-directed.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * recibir bien una iniciativa = welcome + initiative.
    * seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.
    * tener iniciativa = be proactive.
    * toma de iniciativas = initiative taking.
    * tomar la iniciativa = seize + the initiative, take + initiative, take + a lead, step up.
    * tomar la iniciativa en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.
    * * *
    a) ( cualidad) initiative
    b) ( propuesta) initiative
    c) (ventaja, delantera)

    tomó/perdió la iniciativa — he took/lost the initiative

    * * *
    = effort, endeavour [endeavor, -USA], enterprise, framework, initiative, leadership, resourcefulness, proaction, move, movement, stake in the ground.

    Ex: Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.

    Ex: Eventually, it came to be recognized that the Classification Research Group's endeavours might be pertinent to the problem of alphabetical indexing.
    Ex: Only those who have attempted to edit the proceedings of a conference can appreciate the magnitude and scope of such an enterprise.
    Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.
    Ex: These discussions will influence subsequent planning initiatives with regard to the design and layout of the new building.
    Ex: Under Mr. Kilgour's leadership, OCLC has demonstrated beyond any doubt that the computer can be successfully applied to traditional library problems with the most positive results.
    Ex: The impression left by the two early attempts to create universal bibliographic control was that the creation of one universal source of reference was beyond human resources and resourcefulness.
    Ex: Based on their experience of mutual benefit over the past 3 years, both university libraries have transformed the goal of their interinstitutional agreement from protection to proaction.
    Ex: This move has probably affirmed the future of DC.
    Ex: The cathedral-like hush contrasted strangely with the clamor and movement outside.
    Ex: The first version of any software is usually best seen as a stake in the ground.
    * a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.
    * a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.
    * con iniciativa = proactively [pro-actively], proactive [pro-active], enterprising.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * emprender una iniciativa = undertake + enterprise.
    * iniciativa empresarial = entrepreneurship.
    * iniciativa privada = private initiative.
    * lanzar una iniciativa = launch + initiative.
    * llevar a cabo una iniciativa = take + initiative.
    * persona con iniciativa = go-getter.
    * por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.
    * por propia iniciativa = self-directed.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * recibir bien una iniciativa = welcome + initiative.
    * seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.
    * tener iniciativa = be proactive.
    * toma de iniciativas = initiative taking.
    * tomar la iniciativa = seize + the initiative, take + initiative, take + a lead, step up.
    * tomar la iniciativa en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.

    * * *
    1 (cualidad) initiative
    le falta iniciativa he lacks initiative
    actuó por iniciativa propia or por su propia iniciativa she acted on her own initiative
    2 (propuesta) initiative
    3
    (ventaja, delantera): tomó/perdió/recuperó la iniciativa he took/lost/regained the initiative
    Compuesto:
    ( Econ):
    la iniciativa privada the private sector, private enterprise
    * * *

     

    iniciativa sustantivo femenino
    initiative;

    iniciativa sustantivo femenino initiative: lo hizo por propia iniciativa, he did it on his own initiative
    ♦ Locuciones: tomar la iniciativa, to take the initiative

    ' iniciativa' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acertada
    - acertado
    - parada
    - parado
    - impulso
    - prosperar
    English:
    enterprise
    - free enterprise
    - gumption
    - initiative
    - lead
    * * *
    1. [propuesta] proposal, initiative
    la iniciativa privada private enterprise
    2. [cualidad, capacidad] initiative;
    tener iniciativa to have initiative;
    tomar la iniciativa to take the initiative;
    lo hice por iniciativa propia I did it on my own initiative
    * * *
    f initiative;
    tomar la iniciativa take the initiative
    * * *
    : initiative
    * * *
    iniciativa n initiative

    Spanish-English dictionary > iniciativa

  • 20 воздушный

    аварийная связь с воздушным судном
    air distress communication
    аварийная ситуация с воздушным судном
    aircraft emergency
    аварийные воздушные перевозки
    distress traffic
    авиатрасса верхнего воздушного пространства
    high-level airway
    авиатрасса нижнего воздушного пространства
    low-level airway
    авиационный двигатель воздушного охлаждения
    air-cooled engine
    автоматическое выравнивание воздушного судна перед посадкой
    autoflare
    авторотация воздушного винта
    propeller windmilling
    авторотирующий воздушный винт
    windmilling propeller
    агентство по отправке грузов воздушным транспортом
    air freight forwarder
    административное воздушное судно
    executive aircraft
    ангар для воздушного судна
    aircraft shed
    аренда воздушного судна
    aircraft lease
    аренда воздушного судна без экипажа
    1. aircraft dry lease
    2. aircraft drylease аренда воздушного судна вместе с экипажем
    aircraft wet lease
    арендатор воздушного судна
    lessee of an aircraft
    арендованное воздушное судно
    leased aircraft
    арендовать воздушное судно
    lease an aircraft
    Ассоциация воздушного транспорта США
    air Transport
    Ассоциация воздушных перевозчиков
    National Air Carrier
    аудиовизуальная система имитации воздушного движения
    air traffic audio simulation system
    (для тренажеров) аэродинамически сбалансированное воздушное судно
    airodynamically balanced aircraft
    аэродром для реактивных воздушных судов
    jet aerodrome
    аэродром местных воздушных линий
    domestic aerodrome
    аэродромный обогреватель воздушного судна
    aircraft heater
    аэродром совместного базирования гражданского и военных воздушных судов
    joint civil and military aerodrome
    аэронавигационная карта воздушных подходов
    aeronautical approach chart
    аэропорт высокой плотности воздушного движения
    high-density airport
    база ремонта воздушных судов
    aircraft repair depot
    балансировать воздушное судно
    1. balance the aircraft
    2. trim the aircraft балансировать воздушный винт
    balance the propeller
    балансировка воздушного винта
    propeller balance
    балансировка воздушного судна
    aircraft trim
    безопасное управление воздушным судном
    safe handling of an aircraft
    безопасность воздушного движения
    air safety
    безопасный срок службы воздушного судна
    aircraft safe life
    бесшумное воздушное судно
    quiet aircraft
    биение воздушного винта
    airscrew knock
    борт воздушного судна
    aircraft side
    бортовая кухня воздушного судна
    aircraft galley
    бортовой регистрационный знак воздушного судна
    aircraft registration mark
    бригада для перегонки воздушных судов
    delivery group
    бригада технического обслуживания воздушных судов
    aircraft maintenance team
    буксировать воздушное судно хвостом вперед
    push the aircraft back
    буксировочный узел воздушного судна
    aircraft towing point
    вал воздушного винта
    propeller shaft
    вводить воздушное судно в крен
    roll in the aircraft
    ведомость дефектов воздушного судна
    aircraft defects list
    вектор воздушной скорости
    airspeed vector
    верхнее воздушное пространство
    1. upper air
    2. upper air area весовая категория воздушного судна
    aircraft weight category
    весовая классификация воздушного судна
    aircraft breakdown
    взаимодействие воздушных потоков
    air flow interaction
    вид воздушного судна
    aircraft category
    винтовое воздушное судно
    prop-driven aircraft
    владелец сертификата на воздушное судно
    aircraft certificate holder
    влияние спутной струи от воздушного винта
    slipstream effect
    влиять на состояние воздушного судна
    effect on an aircraft
    вместимость воздушного судна
    aircraft capacity
    вне воздушной трассы
    off-airway
    внезапное отклонение воздушного судна
    aircraft sudden swerve
    внимание, отвлеченное от управления воздушным судном
    diverted attention from operation
    возвращать воздушное судно
    bring the aircraft back
    воздушная болезнь
    airsickness
    воздушная волна
    air wave
    воздушная заслонка
    air flap
    воздушная зона
    air side
    воздушная линия
    air line
    воздушная масса
    air mass
    воздушная обстановка
    air situation
    воздушная обстановка в зоне аэродрома
    aerodrome air picture
    воздушная опора
    air bearing
    воздушная перевозка
    1. air carriage
    2. air conveyance 3. air movement 4. skylift воздушная перевозка за плату
    air operation for remuneration
    воздушная перевозка по найму
    air operation for hire
    воздушная перевозка типа инклюзив тур
    inclusive tour
    воздушная подушка
    air cushion
    воздушная подушка у земли
    ground cushion
    воздушная почта
    air mail
    воздушная пробка
    air lock
    воздушная система запуска двигателей
    air starting system
    воздушная скорость
    airspeed
    воздушная смесительная камера
    air-mixing chamber
    воздушная трасса
    1. airway
    2. air track 3. skyway 4. air lane 5. air route 6. air path воздушная турбина
    air turbine
    воздушная турбулентность
    air turbulence
    воздушная ударная волна
    air blast
    воздушная цель
    air target
    воздушная яма
    air pocket
    воздушная яма на пути полета
    in flight bump
    воздушное барражирование
    air loitering
    воздушное движение
    1. air traffic
    2. traffic flow воздушное охлаждение
    air cooling
    воздушное пиратство
    air piracy
    воздушное право
    air law
    воздушное пространство
    1. airspace
    2. midair воздушное пространство с запретом визуальных полетов
    visual exempted airspace
    воздушное путешествие
    1. air trip
    2. air travel воздушное сообщение
    air communication
    воздушное судно
    1. aircraft
    2. ship воздушное судно без экипажа
    bare hull
    воздушное судно большой вместимости
    high-capacity aircraft
    воздушное судно большой дальности полетов
    long-distance aircraft
    воздушное судно вертикального взлета и посадки
    vertical takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно в зоне ожидания
    holding aircraft
    воздушное судно в полете
    1. in-flight aircraft
    2. making way aircraft 3. aircraft on flight воздушное судно вспомогательной авиалинии
    feeder aircraft
    воздушное судно, выведенное из строя
    disabled aircraft
    воздушное судно государственной принадлежности
    state aircraft
    воздушное судно, готовое к полету
    under way aircraft
    воздушное судно гражданской авиации
    civil aircraft
    воздушное судно для местный авиалиний
    short-range aircraft
    воздушное судно для местных авиалиний
    short-haul transport
    воздушное судно для обслуживания местных авиалиний
    feederliner
    воздушное судно для патрулирования лесных массивов
    forest patrol aircraft
    воздушное судно для полетов на большой высоте
    high-altitude aircraft
    воздушное судно для смешанных перевозок
    combination aircraft
    воздушное судно, дозаправляемое в полете
    receiver aircraft
    воздушное судно, загруженное не по установленной схеме
    improperly loaded aircraft
    воздушное судно, занесенное в реестр
    aircraft on register
    воздушное судно, идущее впереди
    preceeding aircraft
    воздушное судно, идущее следом
    following aircraft
    воздушное судно, имеющее разрешение на полет
    authorized aircraft
    воздушное судно, исключенное из реестра
    abandoned aircraft
    воздушное судно короткого взлета и посадки
    short takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно, летящее курсом на восток
    eastbound aircraft
    воздушное судно местных воздушных линий
    commuter-size aircraft
    воздушное судно на подходе
    in-coming aircraft
    воздушное судно - нарушитель
    intruder
    воздушное судно, находящееся в воздухе
    airborne aircraft
    воздушное судно, находящееся в эксплуатации владельца
    owner-operated aircraft
    воздушное судно, находящееся на встречном курсе
    oncoming aircraft
    воздушное судно небольшой массы
    light aircraft
    воздушное судно, не сертифицированное по шуму
    nonnoise certificate aircraft
    воздушное судно, нуждающееся в помощи
    aircraft requiring assistance
    воздушное судно обнаружения
    spotter
    (цели) воздушное судно общего назначения
    general-purpose aircraft
    воздушное судно обычной схемы взлета и посадки
    conventional takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно, оставшееся на плаву
    stayed afloat aircraft
    воздушное судно, отвечающее современным требованиям
    today's aircraft
    воздушное судно первого поколения
    first-generation aircraft
    воздушное судно, получившее разрешение
    cleared aircraft
    воздушное судно по обмену
    interchanged aircraft
    воздушное судно, прибывающее в конечный аэропорт
    terminating aircraft
    воздушное судно, пропавшее без вести
    aircraft in missing
    воздушное судно с верхним расположением крыла
    high-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с газотурбинными двигателями
    turbine-engined aircraft
    воздушное судно с двумя двигателями
    twin-engined aircraft
    воздушное судно с двумя и более двигателями
    multiengined aircraft
    воздушное судно с неподвижным крылом
    fixed-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с несущим винтом
    rotary-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с несущим фюзеляжем
    lift-fuselage aircraft
    воздушное судно с низким расположением крыла
    low-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно, совершающее заход на посадку
    approaching aircraft
    воздушное судно с одним двигателем
    1. one-engined aircraft
    2. single-engined aircraft воздушное судно с одним пилотом
    single-pilot aircraft
    воздушное судно, создающее опасность столкновения
    intruding aircraft
    воздушное судно со складывающимся крылом
    folding wing aircraft
    воздушное судно со средним расположением крыла
    mid-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с поршневым двигателем
    piston-engined aircraft
    воздушное судно с треугольным крылом
    delta-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с турбовинтовыми двигателями
    turboprop aircraft
    воздушное судно с турбореактивными двигателями
    turbojet aircraft
    воздушное судно с убранной механизацией крыла
    clean aircraft
    воздушное судно с удлиненным фюзеляжем
    stretched aircraft
    воздушное судно с узким фюзеляжем
    narrow-body aircraft
    воздушное судно с фюзеляжем типовой схемы
    regular-body aircraft
    воздушное судно схемы летающее крыло
    1. all-wing aircraft
    2. tailless aircraft воздушное судно схемы утка
    canard aircraft
    воздушное судно считается пропавшим без вести
    aircraft is considered to be missing
    воздушное судно с экипажем из нескольких человек
    multicrew aircraft
    воздушное судно, терпящее бедствие
    aircraft in distress
    воздушное судно, удовлетворяющее требованиям сохранения окружающей среды
    environmentally attuned aircraft
    воздушное судно укороченного взлета и посадки
    reduced takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное такси
    air taxi
    воздушное уплотнение
    air seal
    воздушное уплотнение опоры
    bearing air seal
    воздушные винты противоположного вращения
    contrarotating propellers
    воздушные ворота
    air gate
    воздушные перевозки
    airlift
    воздушные перевозки большой протяженности
    long-haul service
    воздушные перевозки вертолетом
    rotorcraft operations
    воздушные перевозки малой протяженности
    short-haul service
    воздушные перевозки с большим количеством промежуточных остановок
    multistop service
    воздушные перевозки средней протяженности
    medium-haul service
    воздушные перевозки типа инклюзив тур
    inclusive tour traffic
    воздушный буксир
    aerotow
    воздушный винт
    1. airscrew
    2. prop 3. propeller воздушный винт во флюгерном положении
    feathered propeller
    воздушный винт двусторонней схемы
    doubleacting propeller
    воздушный винт изменяемого шага
    1. adjustable-pitch propeller
    2. variable pitch propeller 3. controllable propeller воздушный винт левого вращения
    left-handed propeller
    воздушный винт на режиме малого газа
    idling propeller
    воздушный винт постоянного числа оборотов
    constant-speed propeller
    воздушный винт правого вращения
    right-handed propeller
    воздушный винт прямой тяги
    direct drive propeller
    воздушный винт с автоматически изменяемым шагом
    automatic pitch propeller
    воздушный винт с автоматической регулировкой
    automatically controllable propeller
    воздушный винт с большим шагом
    high-pitch propeller
    воздушный винт с гидравлическим управлением шага
    hydraulic propeller
    воздушный винт фиксированного шага
    1. constant-pitch propeller
    2. fixed-pitch propeller воздушный дроссель
    throttle air
    воздушный клапан
    air valve
    воздушный кодекс
    air codes
    Воздушный кодекс
    Air laws regulations
    воздушный коллектор
    1. air manifold
    2. air manifold pipe 3. air collector 4. pneumatic manifold воздушный коридор
    air corridor
    воздушный лайнер
    airliner
    воздушный перевозчик
    air carrier
    воздушный поток
    1. airflow
    2. airstream 3. air flow воздушный радиатор
    air cooler
    воздушный редуктор
    air pressure valve
    воздушный стартер
    air starter
    воздушный тракт
    air flow duct
    воздушный транспорт
    air transport
    воздушный участок
    airborne part
    воздушный участок траектории
    airborne path
    воздушный фильтр
    air filter
    воздушный флот
    air fleet
    возмущение воздушного потока
    air distortion
    восстанавливать воздушное судно
    restore an aircraft
    восходящий воздушный поток
    anabatic wind
    восходящий порыв воздушной массы
    air-up gust
    ВПП для эксплуатации любых типов воздушных судов
    all-service runway
    вращать воздушный винт
    drive a propeller
    вредное воздействие шума от воздушных судов
    aircraft noise pollution
    время прекращения действия ограничения на воздушное движение
    traffic release time
    всепогодное воздушное судно
    all-weather aircraft
    вспомогательная бортовая система воздушного судна
    associated aircraft system
    втулка воздушного винта
    1. propeller hub
    2. airscrew hub 3. airscrew boss входное воздушное устройство
    air inlet section
    (двигателя) вывешивать воздушное судно
    lift an aircraft on
    вывешивать воздушное судно на подъемниках
    jack an aircraft
    выводить воздушное судно из крена
    1. bring the aircraft out
    2. roll out the aircraft выводить воздушное судно из сваливания на крыло
    unstall the aircraft
    выводить воздушное судно на заданный курс
    put the aircraft on the course
    выводить воздушный винт из флюгерного положения
    unfeather the propeller
    выдерживать воздушное судно
    keep the aircraft on
    выдерживать воздушное судно на заданном курсе
    hold the aircraft on the heading
    вылетающее воздушное судно
    1. departing aircraft
    2. originating aircraft 3. outbound aircraft 4. outward aircraft вынужденная посадка воздушного судна на воду
    aircraft ditching
    выполнять работу на воздушном судне
    work on the aircraft
    выполнять этап пробега воздушного судна
    roll on the aircraft
    выравнивать воздушное судно
    1. ease the aircraft on
    2. level the aircraft out выруливать воздушное судно
    lead out the aircraft
    выруливать воздушное судно на исполнительный старт
    line up the aircraft
    высотное воздушное пространство
    specified upper-air layer
    высотный воздушный винт
    altitude propeller
    выставка технического оборудования для обслуживания воздушных судов
    aircraft maintenance engineering exhibition
    вычислитель воздушной скорости
    air-speed computer
    вычислитель воздушных сигналов
    air data computer
    гарантийный срок воздушного судна
    aircraft warranty
    герметизированное воздушное судно
    pressurized aircraft
    герметичность воздушного судна
    aircraft tightness
    гидравлическое управление шагом воздушного винта
    hydraulic propeller pitch control
    гидровариант воздушного судна
    sea aircraft
    гидроподъемник для воздушного судна
    aircraft hydraulic jack
    гиперзвуковое воздушное судно
    hypersonic aircraft
    гироскоп с воздушной опорой осей
    air bearing gyroscope
    Главное агентство воздушных сообщений
    Central Agency of Air Service
    государственная система организации воздушного пространства
    national airspace system
    государственный опознавательный знак воздушного судна
    aircraft nationality mark
    государство - изготовитель воздушного судна
    state of aircraft manufacture
    государство - поставщик воздушного судна
    aircraft provider state
    государство регистрации воздушного судна
    aircraft registry state
    государство - эксплуатант воздушного судна
    aircraft user state
    готовность воздушного судна
    aircraft readiness
    гражданский воздушный транспорт
    civil air transport
    граница зоны управления воздушным движением
    air traffic control boundary
    график воздушного путешествия
    air travel plan
    график движения воздушного транспорта
    air transport movement table
    груз для воздушной перевозки
    air cargo
    грузовое воздушное судно
    1. all-cargo aircraft
    2. air freighter 3. freight aircraft грузовое воздушное судно с откидной носовой частью
    bow-loader
    грузопассажирское воздушное судно
    convertible aircraft
    груз, перевозимый воздушным судном
    aircraft freight
    группа прогнозирования воздушного движения
    traffic forecast group
    давать воздушному судну право
    enable the aircraft to
    давать разрешение воздушному судну
    clear the aircraft
    дальность полета воздушного судна
    aircraft range
    данные воздушных перевозок
    traffic summary
    данные о результатах испытаний воздушного судна
    aircraft test data
    дата обнаружения пропавшего воздушного судна
    aircraft recovery date
    датчик воздушной скорости
    1. airspeed sensor
    2. airspeed transmitter датчик воздушных сигналов
    air-data sensor
    движение воздушного судна
    aircraft movement
    двухпалубное воздушное судно
    double-decker aircraft
    двухфюзеляжное воздушное судно
    twin-fuselage aircraft
    действующая воздушная трасса
    effective air path
    держать воздушное судно готовым
    maintain the aircraft at readiness to
    держаться на безопасном расстоянии от воздушного судна
    keep clear of the aircraft
    деформация конструкции воздушного судна
    aircraft structural deformation
    диаграмма воздушных потоков
    air-flow pattern
    диспетчер воздушного движения
    flight dispatcher
    диспетчерский центр управления воздушным движением
    air traffic control center
    диспетчерский центр управления потоком воздушного движения
    flow control center
    диспетчерское обслуживание воздушного пространства
    air control
    диспетчер службы управления воздушным движением
    air traffic controller
    дисплей индикации воздушной обстановки
    air situation display
    дистанционное управление воздушным судном
    flight monitoring
    дозвуковое воздушное судно
    subsonic aircraft
    донесение о состоянии парка воздушных судов
    aircraft status report
    допускать воздушное судно к дальнейшей эксплуатации
    1. consider an aircraft serviceable
    2. return the aircraft to service допуск на массу воздушного судна
    aircraft weight tolerance
    допуск на размеры воздушного судна
    aircraft dimension tolerance
    дорабатывать конструкцию воздушного судна
    after an aircraft
    доработка воздушного судна
    aircraft retrofit
    доход на единицу воздушной перевозки
    revenue per traffic unit
    Европейская группа прогнозирования воздушного движения
    European air traffic forecast Group
    единица воздушной перевозки
    traffic unit
    завихрение воздушной массы
    whirlwind
    загруженное воздушное судно
    laden aircraft
    загрузка воздушного судна
    aircraft lading
    заземление воздушного судна
    aircraft earthing
    заказчик воздушного судна
    aircraft customer
    закрытый воздушный винт
    shrouded propeller
    замена парка воздушных судов
    fleet updating
    заменять воздушное судно
    substitute the aircraft
    заменять оборудование воздушного судна
    reequip an aircraft
    заносить воздушное судно в реестр
    enter the aircraft
    запасные части для воздушного судна
    aircraft spare part
    запас прочности воздушного судна
    aircraft reserve factor
    запас топлива воздушного судна
    aircraft fuel quantity
    запас управляемости воздушного судна
    aircraft control margin
    запускать воздушное судно в производство
    put the aircraft into production
    зарегистрированное воздушное пространство
    specified airspace
    зарезервированное воздушное пространство
    reserved airspace
    заруливать воздушное судно
    lead in the aircraft
    заруливать на место стоянки воздушного судна
    enter the aircraft stand
    засветка воздушного судна
    aircraft flash
    засекать воздушное судно
    plot the aircraft
    затормаживать воздушный поток
    bring to rest air
    зафрахтованное воздушное судно
    chartered aircraft
    зачехлять воздушное судно
    cover an aircraft with
    защита воздушного судна от угона
    aircraft hijack protection
    звукоизоляция воздушного судна
    aircraft sound proofing
    зона аэродромного управления воздушным движением
    aerodrome traffic control zone
    зона воздушного барражирования
    air patrol zone
    зона воздушного движения
    traffic zone
    зона воздушного пространства с особым режимом полета
    airspace restricted area
    зона движения воздушных судов
    aerodrome movement area
    зона интенсивного воздушного движения
    congested area
    зона управления воздушным движением
    air traffic control area
    износ воздушного судна
    ageing aircraft
    износостойкий воздушный подшипник
    maintenance-free air bearing
    индикатор наземного движения воздушных судов
    aircraft surface movement indicator
    индикаторная воздушная скорость
    1. rectified airspeed
    2. calibrate airspeed индикация воздушных целей
    air target indication
    инженер по техническому обслуживанию воздушных судов
    aircraft maintenance engineer
    инструкция по загрузке воздушного судна
    aircraft loading instruction
    инструкция по консервации и хранению воздушного судна
    aircraft storage instruction
    инструкция по эксплуатации воздушного судна
    aircraft operating instruction
    интенсивное воздушное движение
    high density air traffic
    интенсивное регулярное воздушное сообщение
    airbridge
    интенсивность воздушного движения
    1. traffic flow rate
    2. air-traffic intensity информация по воздушной трассе
    airway information
    исправленная воздушная скорость
    corrected airspeed
    испытание воздушного судна в термобарокамере
    aircraft environmental test
    испытания воздушного судна на перегрузки
    aircraft acceleration tests
    испытания воздушного судна на переменные нагрузки
    aircraft alternate-stress tests
    испытательная станция воздушных судов
    aircraft test station
    испытываемое воздушное судно
    test aircraft
    исследование конфликтной ситуации в воздушном движении
    air conflict search
    исследовательское воздушное судно
    research aircraft
    истинная воздушная скорость
    true airspeed
    исходная масса пустого воздушного судна
    basic empty weight
    классификационная отметка воздушного судна
    aircraft rating
    классификация воздушных судов
    aircraft classification
    классификация воздушных судов по типам
    aircraft category rating
    кольцевой обтекатель воздушного винта
    airscrew antidrag ring
    кольцо воздушного лабиринтного уплотнения
    air labyrinth seal ring
    командир воздушного судна
    aircraft commander
    комбинированный тип воздушного судна
    complex type of aircraft
    комель лопасти воздушного винта
    propeller blade shank
    Комитет по воздушным перевозкам
    1. Air Transport Committee
    2. Air Transportation Board коммерческая воздушная перевозка
    commercial air transportation
    коммерческие воздушные перевозки
    1. commercial air transport operations
    2. revenue traffic коммерческий воздушный транспорт
    commercial air transport
    коммерческое воздушное судно
    profitable aircraft
    коммерческое реактивное воздушное судно
    commercial jet
    комплексная система контроля воздушного пространства
    integrated system of airspace control
    комплект оборудования для удаления воздушного судна
    aircraft recovery kit
    компоновка воздушного судна
    aircraft layout
    конвенция по управлению воздушным движением
    air traffic convention
    конструкция воздушного судна
    1. aircraft design
    2. aircraft structure консультативная информация о воздушном движении
    traffic advisory information
    консультативное воздушное пространство
    advisory airspace
    консультативное обслуживание верхнего воздушного пространства
    upper advisory service
    консультативное обслуживание воздушного движения
    traffic advisory service
    консультативное сообщение о воздушной обстановке
    traffic advisory
    консультативное сообщение о воздушной обстановке, регистрируемой на первичной РЛС
    traffic advisory against primary radar targets
    Консультативный комитет по управлению воздушным движением
    Air Traffic Control Advisory Committee
    контактное кольцо воздушного винта
    propeller slip ring
    контейнер для перевозки грузов и багажа на воздушном судне
    aircraft container
    контракт на воздушную перевозку
    air carriage contract
    контролируемое воздушное пространство
    controlled airspace
    контролируемое воздушное пространство предназначенное для полетов по приборам
    instrument restricted airspace
    контроль качества изготовления воздушных судов
    aircraft production inspection
    контуры воздушного судна
    aircraft geometry
    конфигурация базовой модели воздушного судна
    baseline aircraft configuration
    концевой выключатель в системе воздушного судна
    aircraft limit switch
    коэффициент загрузки воздушного судна
    aircraft load factor
    коэффициент заполнения воздушного винта
    propeller solidity ratio
    коэффициент использования воздушного судна
    aircraft usability factor
    коэффициент перегрузки воздушного судна
    aircraft acceleration factor
    крен воздушного судна
    1. aircraft heel
    2. aircraft roll 3. aircraft list крутящий момент воздушного винта
    1. propeller torque
    2. airscrew torque крутящий момент воздушного винта в режиме авторотации
    propeller windmill torque
    курс воздушного судна
    1. aircraft course
    2. aircraft heading ламинарность воздушного потока
    flow laminarity
    легкоуправляемое воздушное судно
    handy aircraft
    летательный аппарат на воздушной подушке
    air-cushion vehicle
    летать на воздушном судне
    fly by an aircraft
    летно-технические характеристики воздушного судна
    aircraft performances
    линия заруливания воздушного судна на стоянку
    aircraft stand lead-in line
    линия положения воздушного судна
    aircraft position line
    линия руления воздушного судна в зоне стоянки
    aircraft stand taxilane
    линия технологического разъема воздушного судна
    aircraft production break line
    лицензированное воздушное судно
    licensed aircraft
    лопасть воздушного винта
    propeller blade
    л управления шагом воздушного винта
    propeller pitch control system
    магистральная воздушная линия
    highway
    магистральная воздушная трасса
    trunk route
    макет воздушного судна
    aircraft mockup
    малошумное воздушное судно
    low annoyance aircraft
    малошумный воздушный винт
    silenced tractor propeller
    маневренность воздушного судна
    aircraft manoeuvrability
    маркировка места стоянки воздушного судна
    aircraft stand marking
    маршрут верхнего воздушного пространства
    upper air route
    маршрут вне воздушной трассы
    off-airway route
    маршрут нижнего воздушного пространства
    low air route
    маршрутный лист воздушного путешествия
    air travel card
    маршрут, обслуживаемый службой воздушного движения
    air traffic service route
    маршрут перегонки воздушных судов
    air ferry route
    маршрут управления воздушным движением
    ATC route
    масса пустого воздушного судна
    1. base weight
    2. empty weight 3. aircraft empty weight масса пустого воздушного судна при поставке
    delivery empty weight
    масса снаряженного воздушного судна без пассажиров
    aircraft operational weight
    мастерская капитального ремонта воздушных судов
    aircraft overhaul shop
    Международная ассоциация воздушного транспорта
    International Air Transport
    Международный совет ассоциаций владельцев воздушных судов и пилотов
    International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations
    местный воздушный вихрь
    local whirlwind
    место загрузки воздушного судна
    aircraft's loading position
    место остановки воздушного судна
    aircraft stand
    местоположение воздушного судна
    aircraft fix
    место стоянки воздушного судна
    1. aircraft parking place
    2. aircraft's parking position место стоянки воздушного судна носом к аэровокзалу
    nose-in aircraft stand
    место стоянки воздушного судна хвостом к аэровокзалу
    nose-out aircraft stand
    место установки домкрата для подъема воздушного судна
    aircraft jacking point
    механизм реверса воздушного винта
    propeller reverser
    механизм реверса воздушного потока вентилятора
    fan jet reverser
    механизм реверсирования воздушного винта
    airscrew reversing gear
    механизм синхронизации работы воздушного винта
    propeller synchronization mechanism
    минимум воздушного судна
    aircraft minima
    минимум командира воздушного судна
    pilot-in-command minima
    многоцелевое воздушное судно
    1. multipurpose aircraft
    2. all-purpose aircraft многоцелевое реактивное воздушное судно
    all-purpose jetliner
    моделирование воздушного движения
    art traffic simulation
    модель воздушного судна
    aircraft model
    модифицированное воздушное судно
    1. derived aircraft
    2. modified aircraft моечная установка для воздушных судов
    aircraft washing plant
    монтировать на воздушном судне
    install on the aircraft
    наблюдение за воздушным пространством
    air observation
    наблюдение с борта воздушного судна
    aircraft observation
    надежность воздушного судна
    aircraft reliability
    направление воздушного потока
    airflow direction
    направлять воздушное судно против ветра
    head the aircraft into wind
    нарушение воздушного пространства
    air intrusion
    нарушение поперечной центровки воздушного судна
    aircraft lateral inbalance
    наставление по управлению воздушным движением
    air traffic guide
    негерметизированное воздушное судно
    unpressurized aircraft
    незаконно захваченное воздушное судно
    unlawfully seized aircraft
    незаконный захват воздушного судна
    aircraft unlawful seizure
    неконтролируемое воздушное пространство
    uncontrolled airspace
    неполная загрузка воздушного судна
    aircraft underloading
    неремонтопригодное воздушное судно
    irrepairable aircraft
    несбалансированное воздушное судно
    out-of-balance aircraft
    несбалансированный воздушный винт
    out-of-balance propeller
    нестандартный тип воздушного судна
    inconventional type of aircraft
    неуправляемость воздушного судна
    aircraft uncontrollability
    нивелировочная точка воздушного судна
    aircraft leveling point
    нижнее воздушное пространство
    1. lower airspace
    2. low air area нисходящий воздушный поток
    1. katabatic wind
    2. fall wind нисходящий порыв воздушной массы
    air-down gust
    носовая часть воздушного судна
    aircraft nose section
    обеспечение эшелонирования полетов воздушных судов
    aircraft separation assurance
    облегченный воздушный винт
    lower pitch propeller
    обледенение воздушного судна
    aircraft icing
    обмен воздушными судами
    aircraft interchange
    обнаружение и удаление воздушного судна
    aircraft recovery
    обозначение места остановки воздушного судна
    aircraft stand identification
    обозначенное воздушное пространство
    designated airspace
    оборот парка воздушных судов
    aircraft fleet turnover
    оборудование воздушных трасс
    airways facilities
    оборудование для обслуживания воздушного судна
    aircraft servicing equipment
    оборудование места стоянки воздушного судна
    aircraft parking equipment
    оборудовать воздушное судно
    1. equip an aircraft with
    2. fit an aircraft with обратное вращение воздушного винта
    airscrew reverse rotation
    обслуживание воздушного судна
    aircraft servicing
    обтекатель втулки воздушного винта
    propeller dome
    общий вид воздушного судна
    aircraft main view
    общий налет на определенном типе воздушного судна
    on-type flight experience
    общий поток воздушных перевозок
    general traffic
    объем воздушных перевозка в тоннах груза
    airlift tonnage
    объем воздушных перевозок
    1. traffic handling capacity
    2. lift capacity 3. air traffic performance ограничение воздушного пространства
    airspace restriction
    ограничение потока воздушного движения
    flow restriction
    ограничения на воздушных трассах
    air rote limitations
    ограниченное воздушное пространство
    restricted airspace
    одноместное воздушное судно
    single-seater aircraft
    околозвуковое воздушное судно
    transonic aircraft
    окружная скорость законцовки воздушного винта
    propeller tip speed
    окружная скорость лопасти воздушного винта
    airscrew blade speed
    опознавание воздушного судна
    aircraft identification
    опознавательный знак места стоянки воздушного судна
    aircraft stand identification sign
    опознавать воздушное судно
    identify the aircraft
    определение местонахождения воздушного судна по звездам
    astrofix
    определять границы воздушного пространства
    to define the airspace
    определять зону полета воздушного судна
    space the aircraft
    опытный вариант воздушного судна
    1. prototype aircraft
    2. preproduction aircraft 3. aircraft prototype 4. experimental aircraft орган обеспечения безопасности на воздушном транспорте
    aviation security authority
    осветительное оборудование воздушного судна
    aircraft electrification
    осевая линия воздушного судна
    aircraft center line
    основной вариант воздушного судна
    basic aircraft
    основной режим воздушного пространства
    dominant air mode
    основные технические данные воздушного судна
    aircraft basic specifications
    остановка воздушного судна
    aircraft stop
    ось симметрии воздушного судна
    aircraft axis
    отбалансированное воздушное судно
    trimmed
    отказ электросистемы воздушного судна
    aircraft electrical failure
    открытый воздушный винт
    unshrouded propeller
    отметка местоположения воздушного судна
    aircraft position
    относительная воздушная скорость
    relative airspeed
    отрицательная тяга воздушного винта
    propeller drag
    отрывать воздушное судно от земли
    1. unstick the aircraft
    2. make the aircraft airborne отрывать переднюю опору шасси воздушного судна
    rotate the aircraft
    отчет о воздушных перевозках
    traffic report
    очаг пожара на воздушном судне
    aircraft fire point
    парк воздушных судов
    aircraft fleet
    парковать воздушное судно
    park an aircraft
    парковка воздушного судна
    aircraft parking
    пассажирские воздушные перевозки
    passenger operations
    пассажирское воздушное судно
    passenger aircraft
    патрульное воздушное судно
    patrol aircraft
    пеленг воздушного судна
    aircraft bearing
    пеленгование воздушного судна
    aircraft setting
    переводить воздушное судно в горизонтальный полет
    put the aircraft over
    перевозимый на воздушном шаре
    planeborne
    перегружать воздушное движение
    overflow air traffic
    перегруженное воздушное судно
    overweight aircraft
    передача воздушного судна
    aircraft blind transmission
    передача информации о воздушном движении
    traffic information broadcast
    передача управления воздушным судном
    aircraft control transfer
    переоборудовать воздушное судно
    convert an aircraft
    пересечение воздушных трасс
    intersection of air routes
    перехват гражданского воздушного судна
    interception of civil aircraft
    персонал диспетчерской службы воздушного движения
    traffic control personnel
    перспектива развития парка воздушных судов
    fleet development
    пилотировать воздушное судно
    fly the aircraft
    пилотируемое воздушное судно
    manned aircraft
    пилот, управляющий воздушным судном
    pilot on the controls
    план восстановления воздушного судна
    aircraft recovery plan
    планетарный редуктор воздушного винта
    propeller planetary gear
    планирование воздушного судна по спирали
    aircraft spiral glide
    план развития воздушных перевозок
    air plan
    плотность воздушного движения
    air traffic density
    плотность размещения кресел на воздушном судне
    aircraft seating density
    площадь, ометаемая воздушным винтом
    propeller disk area
    пневматическая система воздушного судна
    aircraft pneumatic system
    поведение воздушного судна
    aircraft behavior
    повреждать конструкцию воздушного судна
    damage aircraft structure
    поврежденное воздушное судно
    damaged aircraft
    подача топлива в систему воздушного судна
    aircraft fuel supply
    подниматься на борт воздушного судна
    board an aircraft
    позывной код воздушного судна
    aircraft call sign
    поисково-спасательное воздушное судно
    1. rescue aircraft
    2. search and rescue aircraft поисковый радиолокатор воздушных судов
    air-search radar
    покидать воздушное судно
    1. ball
    2. abandon an aircraft покидать данное воздушное пространство
    leave the airspace
    поколение воздушных судов
    aircraft generation
    полезная нагрузка воздушного судна
    aircraft useful load
    полетный лист воздушного судна
    aircraft flight report
    полет, открывающий воздушное сообщение
    inaugural flight
    полет с частного воздушного судна
    private flight
    полеты воздушных судов
    aircraft flying
    полеты гражданских воздушных судов
    civil air operations
    полеты по воздушным трассам
    airways flying
    пол кабины воздушного судна
    aircraft deck
    полномасштабная модель воздушного судна
    full-scalle aircraft
    положение в воздушном пространстве
    air position
    поломка воздушного судна
    aircraft wreck
    полоса воздушных подходов
    approach funnel
    по оси воздушного судна
    on aircraft center line
    поправка на воздушную скорость
    airspeed compensation
    порыв воздушной массы
    air gust
    посадка воздушного судна
    aircraft landing
    посадка с неработающим воздушным винтом
    dead-stick landing
    поставка воздушных судов
    aircraft delivery
    поставлять воздушное судно
    vend an aircraft
    потеря воздушной цели
    airmiss
    потеря тяги при скольжении воздушного винта
    airscrew slip loss
    потеря управляемости воздушного судна
    aircraft control loss
    поток воздушного движения
    flow of air traffic
    поток воздушных перевозок через аэропорт
    airport traffic flow
    почтовое воздушное судно
    mail-carrying aircraft
    поэтапные воздушные перевозки
    1. flight-stage traffic
    2. traffic by flight stage правила воздушного движения
    air traffic procedures
    правила обслуживания воздушного движения
    air traffic services procedures
    правила управления воздушным движением
    1. air traffic control procedures
    2. traffic control regulations 3. traffic control instructions предварительный старт для нескольких воздушных судов
    multiple-holding position
    предел коммерческой загрузки воздушного судна
    aircraft capacity range
    преднамеренное отклонение воздушного судна
    aircraft intentional swerve
    предоставлять права на воздушные перевозки
    grant traffic privileges
    предполагаемое повреждение воздушного судна
    suspected aircraft damage
    предприятие - поставщик воздушных судов
    aircraft supplier
    предупреждать воздушное судно
    warn the aircraft
    прекращать контроль воздушного судна
    release the aircraft
    приборная воздушная скорость
    1. basic airspeed
    2. indicated airspeed приборное оборудование воздушного судна
    aircraft hardware
    прибор предупреждения столкновений воздушных судов
    aircraft anticollision device
    прибывающее воздушное судно
    1. arriving aircraft
    2. inbound aircraft 3. inward aircraft приводить воздушное судно в состояние летной годности
    return an aircraft to flyable status
    пригодность для полета на местных воздушных линиях
    local availability
    приемник воздушного давления
    1. airspeed boom
    2. airspeed head 3. Pilot tube boom 4. airspeed tube приземлять воздушное судно
    land the aircraft
    причина неисправности воздушного судна
    cause of aircraft trouble
    проводить доработку воздушного судна
    aircraft embody
    проворачивать воздушный винт
    wind up
    прогноз для верхнего воздушного пространства
    upper-air forecast
    продолжительность обслуживания воздушного судна
    aircraft service period
    производство воздушных судов
    aircraft production
    происшествие на территории государства регистрации воздушного судна
    domestic accident
    происшествие с воздушным судном
    accident to an aircraft
    пропавшее воздушное судно
    missing aircraft
    пропускная способность воздушного пространства
    airspace capacity
    просадка воздушного судна
    aircraft mush
    прямое воздушное сообщение
    through air service
    пункт обслуживания воздушного движения
    air traffic services unit
    пункт управления воздушным движением
    air traffic control unit
    рабочая часть лопасти воздушного винта
    blade pressure side
    радиозондовое наблюдение за состоянием воздушных масс
    rawinsonde observation
    радиолокатор управления воздушным движением
    air traffic control radar
    разворот воздушного судна
    aircraft pivoting
    разгерметизация воздушного судна
    aircraft decompression
    разгруженное воздушное судно
    unladen aircraft
    раздвоенный воздушный тракт
    bifurcated air bypass duct
    раздражающее воздействие шума от воздушного суд
    aircraft noise annoyance
    размещать в воздушном судне
    fill an aircraft with
    размещать воздушное судно
    1. accommodate an aircraft
    2. house an aircraft размещение воздушных судно на стоянке
    parking arrangement
    разрешение воздушному судну
    clearance of the aircraft
    разрешение на выполнение воздушных перевозок
    operating permit
    разрешение на эксплуатацию воздушной линии
    route license
    разрешение службы управления воздушным движением
    air traffic control clearance
    район воздушных трасс
    air-route area
    район полетов верхнего воздушного пространства
    upper flight region
    раскачивание воздушного судна
    aircraft overswinging
    распределение воздушного пространства
    air spacing
    (для обеспечения контроля полетов) распределение загрузки воздушного судна
    aircraft load distribution
    расстояние от воздушного судна до объекта на земле
    air-to-ground distance
    расфлюгирование воздушного судна
    propeller unfeathering
    расход топлива воздушным судном
    aircraft fuel consumption
    расходы на аренду воздушного судна
    aircraft rental costs
    расчетная воздушная скорость
    design airspeed
    расчетное положение воздушного судна
    estimated position of aircraft
    расчетный предел нагрузки воздушного судна
    aircraft design load
    реактивное воздушное судно
    1. jet aircraft
    2. jet 3. jetliner реактивное воздушное судно для обслуживания местных авиалиний
    feederjet
    реактивное воздушное судно с низким расходом топлива
    economical-to-operate jetliner
    реверсивный воздушный винт
    1. negative thrust propeller
    2. reversible-pitch propeller регистратор воздушной скорости
    air-speed recorder
    регистрация воздушного судна
    aircraft registration
    регистрировать воздушное судно
    register the aircraft
    регулярное воздушное сообщение
    regular airline service
    регулярные воздушные перевозки
    scheduled air service
    регулятор оборотов воздушного винта
    propeller governor
    регулятор числа оборотов воздушного винта
    propeller control unit
    редуктор воздушного винта
    1. propeller gearbox
    2. airscrew reduction gear 3. propeller gear режим воздушного потока в заборнике воздуха
    inlet airflow schedule
    резервирование воздушного пространства
    airspace reservation
    резервное воздушное судно
    standby aircraft
    резервное оборудование воздушного судна
    aircraft standby facilities
    рейс с гражданского воздушного судна
    civil flight
    рекламный проспект воздушного судна
    aircraft leaflet
    ремонт воздушного судна
    aircraft overhaul
    ремонт оборудования воздушного судна
    aircraft equipment overhaul
    ресурсные испытания воздушного судна
    aircraft endurance tests
    руководство по полетам воздушных судов гражданской авиации
    civil air regulations
    руководство по технической эксплуатации воздушного судна
    aircraft maintenance guide
    рулящее воздушное судно
    taxiing aircraft
    санитарное воздушное судно
    1. ambulance aircraft
    2. hospital aircraft санитарный контроль воздушных судов
    aircraft sanitary control
    сбалансированное воздушное судно
    balanced aircraft
    сборник пассажирских тарифов на воздушную перевозку
    Air Passenger Tariff
    сборочный стапель воздушного судна
    aircraft assembly jig
    сверхзвуковое воздушное судно
    supersonic aircraft
    сверхзвуковой воздушный транспорт
    supersonic transport
    свойственный воздушному судну
    inherent in the aircraft
    себестоимость воздушного судна
    aircraft cost level
    себестоимость производства воздушного судна
    aircraft first cost
    сектор воздушного пространства
    airspace segment
    Секция аэродромов, воздушных трасс и наземных средств
    Aerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids Section
    (ИКАО) Секция исследования воздушного транспорта
    Air Transport Studies Section
    (ИКАО) Секция тарифов воздушных перевозчиков
    Air Carrier Tariffs Section
    (ИКАО) серийный вариант воздушного судна
    production aircraft
    серия воздушных судов
    aircrafts batch
    сертификат воздушного судна
    aircraft certificate
    сертификат воздушного судна по шуму
    aircraft noise certificate
    сеть воздушных трасс
    air route network
    сигнал между воздушными судами в полете
    air-to-air signal
    система воздушного наблюдения
    air surveillance system
    система воздушного охлаждения
    air cooling system
    система воздушных тормозов
    air brake system
    система измерения посадочных параметров воздушного судна
    aircraft landing measurement system
    система обогрева воздушного судна
    aircraft heating system
    система оповещения о воздушном движении
    traffic alert system
    система опознавания воздушного судна
    aircraft identification system
    система предупредительной сигнализации воздушного судна
    aircraft warning system
    система приемника воздушного давления
    pitot-static system
    система сбора воздушных параметров
    flight environment data system
    (условий полета) система сбора воздушных сигналов
    air data computer system
    система управления воздушным движением
    air traffic control system
    система управления воздушным судном
    aircraft control system
    система управления воздушным судном при установке на стоянку
    approach guidance nose-in to stand system
    система флюгирования воздушного винта
    propeller feathering system
    скоростное воздушное судно
    high-speed aircraft
    скорость воздушного судна
    aircraft speed
    скорость движения воздушной массы
    air velocity
    служба воздушного движения
    air traffic service
    служба воздушных сообщений
    airways and air communications service
    служба управления воздушным движением
    air traffic control service
    служебное воздушное судно
    1. business aircraft
    2. baseline aircraft смешанная воздушная перевозка
    intermodal air carriage
    снаряженное воздушное судно
    topped-up aircraft
    снижать высоту полета воздушного судна
    push the aircraft down
    снижать скорость воздушного судна до
    decelerate the aircraft to
    снятие воздушного судна с эксплуатации
    aircraft removal from service
    совершать посадку на борт воздушного судна
    join an aircraft
    согласование объемов воздушных перевозок
    traffic flow arrangement
    соглашение между авиакомпаниями об аренде воздушных судов
    airlines leasing arrangement
    соглашение об обмене воздушными суднами
    intercharged aircraft agreement
    соглашение о воздушном сообщении
    air transport agreement
    создавать опасность для воздушного судна
    endanger the aircraft
    сообщение о положении воздушного судна
    aircraft position report
    соосный воздушный винт
    coaxial propeller
    сопровождать воздушное судно
    follow up the aircraft
    сопротивление движению воздушного судна
    rolling resistance
    сопротивление скольжению воздушного судна
    aircraft skidding drag
    состояние готовности воздушного судна к вылету
    aircraft alert position
    спасательное воздушное судно
    survival craft
    специалист по ремонту воздушных судов
    aircraft repairman
    списание воздушного судна
    1. retirement of aircraft
    2. aircraft supersedeas спортивное воздушное судно
    sports aircraft
    спутная струя за воздушным винтом
    airscrew wash
    спутная струя за воздушным судном
    aircraft wake
    спутный след воздушного судна
    aircraft trail
    средства эвакуации воздушного судна
    aircraft evacuation means
    срок службы воздушного судна
    aircraft age
    срыв воздушного потока
    airflow breakdown
    ставить воздушный винт во флюгерное положение
    feather the propeller
    ставить воздушный винт на полетный упор
    latch the propeller flight stop
    ставить воздушный винт на упор
    latch a propeller
    стапель для сборки воздушного судна
    aircraft fixture
    статистическая сводка воздушных перевозок
    traffic flow summary
    стационарная установка для обслуживания воздушного судна
    aircraft servicing installation
    стенд балансировки воздушных винтов
    propeller balancing stand
    степень вентиляции кабины воздушного судна
    aircraft ventilation rate
    степень износа воздушного судна
    aircraft wearout rate
    столкновение воздушного судна
    aircraft impact
    столкновение воздушных судов
    aircrafts impingement
    столкновение птиц с воздушным судном
    bird strike to an air craft
    стопорить воздушный винт
    brake the propeller
    стравливать воздушную пробку
    bleed air
    страгивание воздушного судна
    aircraft breakaway
    страхование воздушного судна
    aircraft insurance
    судно на воздушной подушке
    hovercraft
    сухой вес воздушного судна
    dry weight
    сухопутное воздушное судно
    land aircraft
    существенно поврежденное воздушное судно
    substantially dameged aircraft
    схема воздушного движения
    air traffic pattern
    схема воздушного поиска
    aerial search pattern
    схема воздушной обстановки
    air plot
    схема загрузки воздушного судна
    1. aircraft loading diagram
    2. aircraft loading chart схема обслуживания воздушного движения
    air traffic service chart
    таблица поправок воздушной скорости
    air-speed calibration card
    тарировка указателя воздушной скорости
    air-speed indicator calibration
    тариф на воздушную перевозку пассажира
    air fare
    тариф при регулярной воздушной перевозки
    regular fare
    температура возмущенной воздушной массы
    static air temperature
    техническая аптечка воздушного судна
    aircraft repair kit
    технология технического обслуживания воздушного судна
    aircraft maintenance practice
    тип воздушного судна
    aircraft type
    толкающий воздушный винт
    pusher propeller
    топливо без воздушных пузырьков
    bubble-free fuel
    тормоз воздушного винта
    propeller brake
    тормозная характеристика воздушного судна
    1. aircraft stopping performance
    2. aircraft braking performance точка швартовки воздушного судна
    aircraft tie-down point
    точно опознавать воздушное судно
    properly identify the aircraft
    транспортное воздушное судно
    1. transport aircraft
    2. heavy aircraft транспортные средства для обслуживания воздушного судна
    aircraft service truck's
    трафарет ограничения воздушной скорости
    airspeed placard
    тренажер воздушного судна
    aircraft simulator
    тренировочное воздушное судно
    practice aircraft
    туннельный воздушный винт
    ducting propeller
    турбовинтовое реактивное воздушное судно
    prop jet
    турбулентный след за воздушным винтом
    propeller wake
    тяга воздушного винта
    1. propeller thrust
    2. airscrew propulsion тянущий воздушный винт
    tractor propeller
    убирать механизацию крыла воздушного судна
    clean the aircraft
    угол входа воздушной массы
    angle of indraft
    угол удара воздушного судна
    aircraft impact angle
    угол установки лопасти воздушного винта
    1. airscrew blade incidence
    2. propeller incidence угон воздушного судна
    hijacking
    удаление воздушного судна
    removal of aircraft
    удаление воздушной пробки
    bleeding
    удалять воздушное судно
    remove the aircraft
    узловой район воздушного движения
    air traffic hub
    указания по управлению воздушным движением
    air-traffic control instruction
    указатель воздушной скорости
    1. airspeed indicator
    2. airspeed instrument указатель воздушной трассы
    airway designator
    указатель индикаторной воздушной скорости
    calibrated airspeed indicator
    указатель положения воздушного судна
    1. aircraft reference symbol
    (на шкале навигационного прибора) 2. aircraft position indicator укомплектованное воздушное судно
    entire aircraft
    уменьшение мощности двигателей воздушного судна
    aircraft power reduction
    уменьшение ограничений в воздушных перевозках
    air transport facilitation
    универсальное реактивное воздушное судно
    go anywhere jetliner
    управление воздушным движением
    1. traffic control
    2. air traffic control управление воздушным движением на трассе полета
    airways control
    управление воздушным судном
    aircraft handling
    управление потоком воздушного движения
    air traffic flow management
    управление шагом воздушного винта
    propeller pitch control
    управляемое воздушное судно
    1. the aircraft under command
    2. under command aircraft управляемость воздушного судна
    aircraft sensitivity
    управлять воздушным судном
    1. control the aircraft
    2. steer the aircraft уровень безопасности полетов воздушного судна
    aircraft safety factor
    условия выполнения воздушных перевозок
    air traffic environment
    условия обтекания воздушным потоком
    airflow conditions
    условия при высокой плотности воздушного движения
    high density traffic environment
    условно прозрачный вид воздушного судна
    aircraft phantom view
    усталостный ресурс воздушного судна
    aircraft fatigue life
    устанавливать воздушное судно
    1. place the aircraft
    2. align the aircraft устанавливать воздушное судно по оси
    align the aircraft with the center line
    устанавливать воздушное судно по оси ВПП
    align the aircraft with the runway
    устанавливать на борту воздушного судна
    install in the aircraft
    устанавливать наличие воздушной пробки в системе
    determine air in a system
    устанавливать шаг воздушного винта
    set the propeller pitch
    установившееся обтекание крыла воздушным потоком
    steady airflow about the wing
    установка шага лопасти воздушного винта
    propeller pitch setting
    установленное повреждение воздушного судна
    known aircraft damage
    установленный на воздушном судне
    airborne
    устаревшая модель воздушного судна
    outdated aircraft
    устойчивость воздушной массы
    air stability
    устойчивый воздушный поток
    stable air
    утяжелять воздушный винт
    move the blades to higher
    учебное воздушное судно
    school aircraft
    учебно-тренировочное воздушное судно
    training aircraft
    фактическая воздушная скорость
    actual airspeed
    фактическое положение воздушного судна
    aircraft's present position
    фиксатор шага лопасти воздушного винта
    propeller pitch lock
    фирма по производству воздушных судов
    aircraft company
    флюгирование воздушного винта
    propeller feathering
    флюгируемый воздушный винт
    feathering propeller
    формуляр воздушного винта
    propeller record
    фрахтовать воздушное судно
    charter an aircraft
    цельнометаллическое воздушное судно
    all-metal aircraft
    Центральное управление международных воздушных сообщений гражданской авиации
    General Department of International Air Services of Aeroflot
    центр обеспечения воздушной связи
    air communication center
    центровка воздушного судна
    aircraft center - of - gravity
    центровочный график воздушного судна
    aircraft balance diagram
    цех технического обслуживания воздушных судов
    aircraft maintenance division
    цикл управления воздушным движением
    air traffic control loop
    цилиндр управления воздушными тормозами
    air-brake jack
    челночное воздушное сообщение
    shuttle service
    четырехлопастный воздушный винт
    four-bladed propeller
    шаг воздушного винта
    propeller pitch
    швартовать воздушное судно
    moor the aircraft
    швартовка груза на воздушном судне
    aircraft cargo lashing
    широкофюзеляжное воздушное судно
    wide-body aircraft
    широкофюзеляжное реактивное воздушное судно
    1. wide-bodied jet
    2. jumbo jet широта местонахождения воздушного судна
    aircraft fix latitude
    школа подготовки специалистов по управлению воздушным движением
    air traffic school
    штанга приемника воздушного давления
    airspeed mast
    эвакуация воздушного судна с места аварии
    aircraft salvage
    эволюция воздушного судна
    aircraft evolution
    эквивалентная воздушная скорость
    equivalent airspeed
    экипаж воздушного судна
    crew team
    экран изображения воздушной обстановки
    air display
    эксперт по обслуживанию воздушного движения
    air traffic services expert
    эксплуатационная дальность полета воздушного судна
    aircraft operational range
    эксплуатационная технологичность воздушного судна
    aircraft maintenance performance
    эксплуатационные испытания воздушного судна
    aircraft commissioning tests
    эксплуатационные расходы на воздушное судно
    aircraft operating expenses
    эксплуатация воздушного судна
    1. aircraft operation
    2. operation of aircraft 3. aircraft employment эксплуатировать воздушное судно
    1. operate an aircraft
    2. engage in aircraft operation эксплуатируемое воздушное судно
    1. active aircraft
    2. in-service aircraft 3. aircraft in service электрическое управление шагом воздушного винта
    electric propeller pitch control
    электропроводка воздушного судна
    aircraft lead
    электропроводка высокого напряжения на воздушном судне
    aircraft high tension wiring
    электропроводка низкого напряжения на воздушном судне
    aircraft low tension wiring
    электросистема воздушного судна
    aircraft electric system
    элемент конструкции воздушного судна
    aircraft component
    энергия порыва воздушной массы
    gust load
    эффект воздушной подушки
    air cushion effect
    эшелонирование полетов воздушных судов
    aircraft spacing
    эшелонировать воздушное судно
    separate the aircraft

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > воздушный

См. также в других словарях:

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